2. 外语
  3. Adaptation of Living Things Certain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope with their environment be

Adaptation of Living Things Certain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope with their environment be

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问题                     Adaptation of Living Things
    Certain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope with their environment better than others of their kind. This natural biological process is called adaptation. Among the superior characteristics developed through adaptation are those that may help in getting food or shelter, in providing protection, and in producing and protecting the young. That results in the evolution of more and more organisms(生物体)that are better fitted to their environments.
    Each living thing is adapted to its way of life in a general way, but each is adapted especially to its own distinct class. A plant, for example, depends upon its roots to fix itself firmly and to absorb water and inorganic chemicals(无机物). It depends upon its green leaves for using the sun’s energy to make food from inorganic chemicals. These are general adaptations, common to most plants. In addition, there are special adaptations that only certain kinds of plants have.
    Many animals have adaptations that help them escape from their enemies. Some are hidden by their body color or shape, and many look like a leaf or a little branch. The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroundings. Many animals have the ability to remain completely still when an enemy is near.
    Organisms have a great variety of ways of adapting. They may adapt in their structure, function, and genetics; in their development and production of the young; and in other respects. An organism may create its own environment, as do warm-blooded mammals(哺乳动物), which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather. Usually adaptations are an advantage, but sometimes an organism is so well adapted to a particular environment that if conditions change, it finds it difficult or impossible to readapt to the new conditions.
In the first paragraph, the word "environments" could best be replaced by______.
选项 A、contexts
B、surroundings
C、neighbors
D、enemies
答案B
解析 在不认识“environments”的情况下，我们可以通过上下文来猜测该词的意思。根据第一段内容，主要讲什么是生物适应，其实根据常识也可以判断，适应无非是针对生存环境而言的，那么可以初步断定“environments”意为“环境”。而A项contexts意为“上下文，语境”，C项neighbors意为“邻居”，D项enemies意为“敌人”，都不符合题干要求。 B项surroundings出现在倒数第二段“The coats of deer are colored to mix with thesurroundings．”因此正确答案是B。
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