2. 外语
  3. We have often heard people, especially the elderly say that "I said this from experiences, or I did it from my own experiences."

We have often heard people, especially the elderly say that "I said this from experiences, or I did it from my own experiences."

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问题      We have often heard people, especially the elderly say that "I said this from experiences, or I did it from my own experiences." And also in our society we value the experiences and regard them as precious things, and we respect the experienced persons. We often consult them, and ask for help from them. But have you ever thought why experience is so valuable? According to the psychologists, that experiences influence subsequent behaviour is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering. Learning could not occur with out the function popularly named memory. Constant practice has such an effect on memory as to lead to skillful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words. So called intelligent behaviour demands memory, remembering being a primary requirement for reasoning. The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory. Typically, the decision to cross a street is based on remembering many earlier experiences.
     Practice (or review) tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material. Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten; and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious. Yet, dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can be seen to be adaptive. In this sense, the ability to forget can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals. Indeed, when one’s memory of an emotionally painful experience leads to serious anxiety, forgetting may produce relief. Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection.
     In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade. Forgetting clearly aids orientation in time, since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out, providing clues for inferring duration. Without forgetting, adaptive ability would suffer; for example, learned behaviour that might have been correct a decade ago may no longer be. Cases are recorded of people who (by ordinary standards) forgot so little that their everyday activities were full of confusion. Thus forgetting seems to serve the survival of the individual and the species.
     Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting. In this view, continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage (input) and forgetting (output). Indeed, there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forget is directly related to how much they have learn ed. Such data offer gross support of contemporary models of memory that assume an input-out- put balance.
From the last paragraph we know that______.
选项 A、forgetfulness is a response to learning
B、the memory storage system is an exactly balanced input-output system
C、memory is a compensation for forgetting
D、the capacity of a memory storage system is limited because forgetting occurs
答案A
解析 推理判断题。文章最后一段指出，对记忆力也可以作另一种解释：记忆储存系统的总储量有限，通过遗忘可以进行灵活调节。遗忘与学习之间，即输入与输出之间不断调节，人的遗忘率与学习量有直接关联。所以选项A是正确答案。
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