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  3. Mass transportation revised the social and economic fabric of the American city in three fundamental ways. It catalyzed (刺激) phy

Mass transportation revised the social and economic fabric of the American city in three fundamental ways. It catalyzed (刺激) phy

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问题     Mass transportation revised the social and economic fabric of the American city in three fundamental ways. It catalyzed (刺激) physical expansion, it sorted out people and land uses, and it accelerated the inherent instability of urban life.
    By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant from city centers than they were in the pre-modern era. In 1850, for example, the borders of Boston lay scarcely two miles from the old business district; by the turn of the century the radius extended ten miles. Now those who could afford it could live far removed from the old city center and still commute there for work, shopping and entertainment. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas. Over the same period, another 550,000 were plotted outside the city limits but within the metropolitan area. Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years — lots that could have housed five to six million people.
    Of course, many were never occupied; there was always a huge surplus of subdivided, but vacant land around Chicago and other cities. These excesses underscore a feature of residential expansion related to the growth of mass transportation: Urban sprawl was essentially unplanned. It was carried out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future land users. Those who purchased and prepared land for residential purposes, particularly near or outside city borders where transit lines and middle class inhabitants were anticipated, did so to create demand as much as to respond to it. Chicago is a prime example of this process. Real estate subdivision there proceeded much faster than population growth.
______is the feature of the residential expansion.
选项
答案Being unplanned
解析 根据题干中的“feature of the residential expansion”可把答案定位在第3段的第2句。第3句话是进一步解释城市扩张的无计划性体现在几千个小的投资商进行开发，毫不考虑土地的综合利用，也不考虑土地未来的使用情况。由于该空在句首，故答案应为Being unplanned。
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