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  3. Cancer is a tale of two sets of genetic code, your own and your tumor’s—and tracing the unique areas of damage makes for a way t

Cancer is a tale of two sets of genetic code, your own and your tumor’s—and tracing the unique areas of damage makes for a way t

admin2014-04-20  44
问题     Cancer is a tale of two sets of genetic code, your own and your tumor’s—and tracing the unique areas of damage makes for a way to target treatment.
    Fifty years after the discovery of the first direct genetic link to cancer, scientists are assessing the state of so-called targeted therapy—with nearly 30 treatments on the market and a dozen or so more under study. " We’re still not using the ’ C ’word, ’ cure,’ " cautioned medicine director Jeff Boyd of Fox Chase Cancer Center, who helped organized a meeting to examine the future of targeted therapy. But, he added, "there is real potential to transform many cancers into chronic diseases. "
    One challenge is how to expand the number of targets to attack, in part by answering what the new chief of the National Cancer Institute calls the "big questions" about what makes this disease so intractable. What makes a tumor metastasize or spread through the body? Why some tumors spread and others don’t? What programs those tumor cells to invade, say, the liver instead of the bone or the lung? These are factors that undoubtedly could be new treatment targets.
    A domino effect of genetic alterations is required to cause any of the 200 diseases collectively called cancer. Some occur in the person, making them more prone to illness. But tumors also have their own genetic signature—four to seven genetic changes that are critical to turning, say, a normal breast or colon or liver cell into a cancerous one, and a pattern of activity that signals how aggressive that malignancy will be. Those unique patterns also offer targets for treatment, drugs that zero in on the particular genetic pathways fueling the person’s cancer—and even vaccine-like therapies, a fledgling field that aims to train patients’ immune systems to recognize and fight their tumors.
    As the targeted therapies work differently—shrinking a tumor or slowing its growth—than the tumor-destroying approaches of chemotherapy and radiation, it’s harder to prove a benefit. But Allison Frey, whose aggressive form of thyroid cancer spread to her liver in inoperable patches, says that approach has made her cancer an illness she can manage much like a diabetic manages insulin. For nearly five years, she has swallowed an experimental pill that shrank those patches and kept them from growing back, working through a pathway that targets a tumor’s blood supply. "Honestly, to me it’s just like any other chronic illness," said Frey, who’s part of a study at Fox Chase. "I show up for work every day and live life...with minimal issues. "  
What would be the best title for the text?
选项 A、The Genetic Code of Cancerous Tumor
B、New Development of Cancer Therapy
C、Probe into Targeted Cancer Therapy
D、Different Approaches to Cancer Therapy
答案C
解析 主旨题。本题的解答需首先明确各段大意，并由此确定全篇主旨。除首段引出话题外，第二段至第五段分别介绍了肿瘤靶向治疗的发展现状、未来前景、面临的问题、科学依据以及与传统疗法的区别，可说已涵盖了有关靶向治疗的方方面面，故Probe into Targeted Cancer Therapy概括全面，最为恰当，[C]为答案。[A]意为“癌症肿瘤的遗传密码”，这虽然是靶向治疗的科学基础，但文章并非真正介绍遗传密码，该项偏离全文的中心，可首先排除。[D]项“癌症治疗的不同方法”，虽在末段有所提及，但并非全文主题，以偏概全，也可排除。[B]项“癌症治疗的新发展”似较为接近，但其既未突出靶向治疗这个中心，也不能涵盖文中谈到的困难挑战等内容，故也不符合题意。
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