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  3. For most of us, work is the central, dominating fact of life, we spend more than half our conscious hours at work, pre paring fo

For most of us, work is the central, dominating fact of life, we spend more than half our conscious hours at work, pre paring fo

admin2009-04-23  22
问题     For most of us, work is the central, dominating fact of life, we spend more than half our conscious hours at work, pre paring for work, traveling to and from work. What we do there largely determines our standard of living and to a considerable extent the status we are accorded by our fellow citizen as well. It is sometimes said that because leisure has become more important the indignities and injustices of work can be pushed into a corner, that because most work is pretty intolerable, the people who do it should compensate for its boredom, frustrations and humiliations by concentrating their hopes on the other parts of their lives. I reject that as a counsel of despair. For the foreseeable future the material and psychological rewards which work can provide, and the conditions in which work is done, will continue to play a vital part in determining the satisfaction that life can offer. Yet only a small minority can control the pace at which they work or the conditions in which their work is done; only for a small minority does work offer scope for creativity, imagination, or initiative.
    Inequality at work and in work is still one of the cruelest and most glaring form of inequality in our society. We cannot hope to solve the more obvious problems of industrial life, many of which arise directly or indirectly for the frustrations created by inequality at work, unless we tackle it head-on, still less can we hope to create a decent and humane society.
    The most glaring inequality is that between managers and the rest. For most managers, work is an opportunity and a challenge. Their jobs engage their interests and allow them to develop their abilities. They are constantly learning; they are able to exercise responsibility, they have a considerable degree of control over their own—and other’s—working lives. Most important of all, they have opportunities to initiate. By contrast, for most manual workers, and for a growing number of white-collar workers, work is a boring, dull, even painful experience. They spend all their working lives in conditions which would be regarded as in tolerable—for themselves—by those who make the decision which let such conditions continue. The majority have little control over their work; it provides them with no opportunity for personal development. Often production is so designed that workers are simply part of the technology. In offices, many jobs are so routine that workers justifiably feel themselves to be mere cogs in the bureaucratic machine. As a direct consequence of their work experience, many workers feel alienated from their work experience. Many workers feel alienated from their firm, whether it is in public or in private ownership.
选项
答案the type of work they do
解析 抓住关键语句，运用推理的方法从文中推出正确答案。此题的答案可从第一段中找出答案，当然原文中没有现成的语句可以摘录，需要我们运用推断能力，得出结论。文章第一段第一句说“对我们多数人来说，工作至关重要，在现实生活中起主导作用”，第三句又说“我们在工作中所做的一切在很大程度上决定我们的生活水平，同时在很大程度上决定了周围的人对我们社会地位的判断”。由此可见作者认为判断别人是以其工作类型为标准的。
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