首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
"There is one and only one social responsibility of business," wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, "That is,
"There is one and only one social responsibility of business," wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, "That is,
admin
2017-01-17
26
问题
"There is one and only one social responsibility of business," wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, "That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its prof its." But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies—at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.
The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $ 15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a "signal" that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse "halo effect," whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.
Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.
The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get
more lenient
penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’ political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.
In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. "We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials," says one researcher.
Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.
The expression "more lenient" (Line 2, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to
选项
A、more effective
B、less controversial
C、less severe
D、more lasting
答案
C
解析
含义题。根据题干关键词more lenient定位到第四段The study found that,among prosecuted firms,those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties.由于more lenient修饰penalties(惩罚),故推测本句在讨论CSR和penalties的联系。而本段与惩罚相关的词只有最后一个词fines(罚金),修饰它的形容词是lower,故可推测more lenient与降低惩罚有关。故C项“不严厉的”符合题意。A项“更有效的”、B项“争议少的”和D项“更持久的”均不符合题意。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/tLEZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
AnyAmericanwhohasboughtapackofcigarettessincethemid-’60smighthaveseenthehealthwarnings.Itsays,"SURGEONGENER
AnyAmericanwhohasboughtapackofcigarettessincethemid-’60smighthaveseenthehealthwarnings.Itsays,"SURGEONGENER
AnyAmericanwhohasboughtapackofcigarettessincethemid-’60smighthaveseenthehealthwarnings.Itsays,"SURGEONGENER
【C1】______thewayitfeels,lonelinessoftenhasnothingtodowithbeingalone.Forsomepeople,feelingsof【C2】______aresharp
AstudyofhowolderteenagersusesocialmediahasfoundthatFacebookis"notjustontheslide,itisbasicallydeadandburi
AstudyofhowolderteenagersusesocialmediahasfoundthatFacebookis"notjustontheslide,itisbasicallydeadandburi
AstudyofhowolderteenagersusesocialmediahasfoundthatFacebookis"notjustontheslide,itisbasicallydeadandburi
Peopleusedtothinkthatlearningtwolanguagescreatedconfusioninthemind.Far【C1】______itwasthought,togetonerightth
TheearlyretirementofexperiencedworkersisseriouslyharmingtheU.S.economy,accordingtoanewreportfromtheHudsonIn
【F1】Muchofthelanguageusedtodescribemonetarypolicy,suchassteeringtheeconomytoasoftlandingoratouchonthebrak
随机试题
患者,女,13岁,面中1/3略突,面下1/3高度正常,上颌前牙舌倾,下前牙直立,磨牙轻远中关系,上颌拥挤4mm,下颌拥挤1mm。对此患者的诊断可能为
A、色暗褐,味腐臭B、色淡黄,质较硬C、色金黄,稍酸臭D、色橘黄,味臭秽E、色黄绿,无臭味人乳喂养儿,大便的特点是
治疗肺炎喘嗽痰热闭肺证,应首选
国际非专利药名是( )。
有关工程咨询成果质量评审制度的叙述错误的是()。
回望历史,鉴往知来,从先贤的成败得失和传统文化典籍中汲取历史的智慧和营养,无疑是一种理性的回归和历史的进步。然而,与历史热相伴的“娱乐化”倾向,需要引起高度关注。有人称孔子是“怀抱理想,在现实世界找不到精神家园”的“丧家狗”;有人推论李白是“大唐第一古惑仔
被称为“两弹元勋”的科学家是()。
武昌起义后,帝国主义对中国革命的态度几次变化,按时间先后顺序排列正确的是()。①保持中立②调兵直接镇压③帮助清政府镇压革命④扶植新的代理人
下列叙述中正确的是
Whatistheadvertisementfor?
最新回复
(
0
)