首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures—learn to do things because certain acts lead to "
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures—learn to do things because certain acts lead to "
admin
2012-05-17
119
问题
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures—learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards";and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological (生理的) "drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so taught them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children’s responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement "switched on" a display of lights—and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.
Papousek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
Papousek noticed in his studies that a baby______.
选项
A、would make learned responses when it saw the milk
B、would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drink
C、would continue the simple movements without being given milk
D、would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink
答案
C
解析
推理判断题。第三段第二句"Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse themilk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure.”(于是,他注意到喝饱了牛奶的婴儿就不再要牛奶了,但是会继续做那些已经学会的动作,而且显得很高兴。)中表明,Papousek在实验中发现,如果婴儿喝饱了牛奶,就会拒绝牛奶,但要儿们会欣然地运用刚学会的反应。因此选择C。其他选项的意思都与实验发现相反。所以不正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/tNf7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
A、Frank’stalentforteaching.B、Frank’sinterestingapproachtoresearch.C、Apresenthereceivedforgraduation.D、Acongratul
A、hehasmanypets.B、hehasthreechildren.C、hedoesn’tneedalargerhouse.D、hiswifeispregnant.D此题考查听细节的能力,解题的关键点在于听到sh
Therewasatimewhenparentswhowantedaneducationalpresentfortheirchildrenwouldbuyatypewriter,aglobeoraset
Therewasatimewhenparentswhowantedaneducationalpresentfortheirchildrenwouldbuyatypewriter,aglobeoraset
Theagriculturalrevolutioninthenineteenthcenturyinvolvedtwothings:theinventionoflaborsavingmachineryandthedevel
Theagriculturalrevolutioninthenineteenthcenturyinvolvedtwothings:theinventionoflaborsavingmachineryandthedevel
A、Oneofthemhasapart-timejob.B、Theylikeclimbingstairsbecauseithelpsthemkeepfit.C、Themanismoreconcernedabout
A、Thepresidentspokeontheradiooneconomics.B、Thepresidentshouldhavereportedoneconomies.C、Themanmissedthespeech.
随机试题
党的基本路线是党和国家的生命线,是实现科学发展的政治保证。以经济建设为中心是兴国之要,是我们党、我们国家兴旺发达和长治久安的根本要求;四项基本原则是立国之本,是我们党、我们国家生存发展的政治基石;改革开放是强国之路,是我们党、我们国家发展进步的活力源泉。要
内存储器可大致分为()和()两类。
A.蛔虫B.钩虫C.两者均可D.两者均不可
《中华人民共和国建筑法》规定,房屋拆除应当由( )条件的建筑施工单位承担,由建筑施工单位负责人对安全负责。
杜邦财务分析体系在净资产收益率计算和对比基础上,首先应分解研究的指标是()。
群体,通常指的是相对于个体的各种社会成员的聚合,实际上就是一种人的集合体。可分为正式群体、非正式群体和准群体。准群体是指没有组织结构,人与人之间有某种联系,有一定程度的共同关注点,有可能在某些时候形成集团,但目前还没有组织起来的人群。以下属于准群体
【】是数据库设计的核心。
下面是重载为非成员函数的运算符函数原型,其中错误的是()。
计算机内部采用的数制是( )。
______,Iwouldsuggestherpracticingmedicineaftergraduation.
最新回复
(
0
)