首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Introduction Linguistics has both practical and philosophical motivations. So both the first and second editions of this tex
Introduction Linguistics has both practical and philosophical motivations. So both the first and second editions of this tex
admin
2012-04-23
58
问题
Introduction
Linguistics has both practical and philosophical motivations. So both the first and second editions of this text were directed toward students of many【1】. This third edition continues and further develops this approach.
We have aimed to dispel a number of myths about language and to discuss the various aspects of language from both an【2】and current point of view. Part one is "The Nature of Human Language. " Then we discuss speech sounds or【3】and includes a passage on machines that "talk" and "understand".
On phonology we demonstrate how sounds form【4】. Because of this, written forms of language are very late in the history of human language. Then we discuss other【5】aspects of language how words are formed; what words, phrases, and sentences mean; and how words are put together to form sentences. Morphology, semantics, syntax are very important in our discussion and take an important role.
In "Social Aspects of Language, " we consider language in【6】and how languages change over time. In "The【7】Aspects of Language, "we talk about child language, animal communication systems and brain【8】underlying language knowledge and use.
Also, the【9】languages of the deaf are discussed in greater detail. The newest findings on whether chimpanzees and gorillas can learn language are presented. In every lesson the【10】underlying the diversity of phenomena observed in human language are highlighted.
introduction
Since antiquity interest in linguistis--the study and science of human language--has had both practical and philosophical motivations. From a practical side, linguistics can provide a theoretical basis for a variety of practical applications. To name a few, these applications include the treatment of language disorders such as aphasia or reading problems, the planning of " language arts" curricula in the schools, the fight against illiterarcy in many nations of the world, the development of automatic, computer-generated speech productional recognition, the learning of foreign languages, and the simplification of legal language. Philosophical interests have ’also spurred language study, because from earliest times language has been considered a mirror of the mind.
For these reasons both the first and second editions of this text were directed toward students of many disciplines. This book is used in courses for nonlinguisties as well as linguistics students, tbr majors in computer science and English in speech pathology and anthropology, in communications studies and philosophy. This third edition continues and further develops this approach. It does, however, reflect new thinking is the field as well as a reorganization of material.
We have aimed to dispel a number of myths about language and to discuss the various aspects of language from both an historical and current point of view. Part One, lesson one, "The Nature of Human Language", is concerned with questions such as: What is language? What is a grammar? What is the origin of language?
What it is you know when you know English, Zulu, Twi, Cherokee, Eskimo, Spanish, B.ussian, and any other language is examined in Lesson Two, "Grammatical Aspects of Language. " Lesson 2 discusses speech sounds or phonetics and it includes an expanded section on machines that "talk" and " understand. " Lesson 3 on phonology demonstrates how sounds form pattens. Lesson 5 shows that written forms of language arose very late in the history, of hnman language. Lesson 4, 6, and 7 discuss other grammatical aspects of language--how words are formed (morphology); what words, phrases, and sentences mean (semantics); and how words are put together to form sentences syntax. These lessans have been substantially revised since the second edition. Although a formal descrptive apparatus is still included, it receives less emphasis; distinction between phonetic and phonemic segments and phonological and morphophonemic rules are clarified ;and the section on pragmatics is enlarged.
Lessons 8 and 9 of Part Three, "Social Aspects of Language", considering language in society and how languages change over time. Some of the questions raised in this part are: Why are there many tang nages and how are they related? How and why do languages change? Are some languages or dialects superior to others? Is there any hope for a universal language? Can language be "obscene" or "sexist"?
Part Four, "The Biological Aspects of Language", includes Lesson 10 on child language, Lesson 11 on animal communication systems, and lesson 12 on brain mechanisms underlying language knowledge and use. These lessons have been expanded considerably. The sign language of the deaf, especially AMESLAN (American Sign Language) , are discussed in greater detail. The newest findings on whether chimpanzees and gorillas can learn language are presented, as are the latest techniques for brain and language studies. In every lesson the universals underlying the diversity of phenomena observed in human language are highlighted.
As in the previous editions basic ideas rather than a detailed exposition of the grammar of English or any other language have been primarily concerned with. The text assumes no previous knowledge on the part of the students and aims at stimulating the students to further investigate language, this incredibly complex, unique human ability. Toward this goal a short list of references is given at the end of each lesson. Also included are exercises ranging in difficulty and type to enhance the students’ interest in and comprehension of the textual material.
We have had enormous help from friends, colleagues, students, teaching assistants, instructors who assigned the text to their classes, and reviewers. We wish to convey our profound gratitude to all of the individuals who provided feedback, criticisms, corrections, and suggestions. We continue to be especially grateful to the thousands of students who have listened to our lectures, questioned our concepts, completed our assignments, and in these and other ways helped us to rewrite this book.
选项
答案
biological
解析
biological为"of or relating to the science of life and of living organisms"。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/tPiO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Manysystemcanbedeliberatelyfooled.AnewstudyfromYokohamaNationalUniversityinJapanshowsthatphonyfingersconcocte
GrammarschoolwasforStudentswho______.
DarwinandHisTheoryDarwinwasbornin1809asthesonofaphysician.Heearlierplannedtobecomea【1】intheChurchofEn
B语言学家及观点。ThePragueSchool主要进行共时性语言学研究(Synchroniclinguistics),从功能(function)的角度研究语言。
Thedigitalagemayonlyjusthavedawned,butlastnightagroupofeminentinstitutionsissuedawarningthatlargeswathsof
ThefirsttimeIsawStephenLeacockatclosequartershecameswingingintoaclassroominMoyseHall,theserenelyuglyoldAr
TheGreekshaveasecondBattleofMarathonontheirhands.TheiradversariesthistimearenotinvadingPersians,asin490B.
EuropeanwomenwereingreatdemandinNewZealandinthoseearlytimes.Thatis,womenpreparedtomarrythemanysinglemenwh
Fromaveryearlyage,perhapstheageoffiveorsix,IknewthatwhenIgrewIshouldbeawriter.Betweentheagesofabouts
随机试题
已知(DX)=1684H,当执行TESTDH,ODH指令后,(DX)=________。
A.SeeyouthiseveningB.I’vegottarunC.SeeyouagainD.Iprobablywon’tbebackforsupperE.I’llgototheofficeF.Ta
A.百日咳鲍特菌B.流感嗜血杆菌C.军团菌D.铜绿假单胞菌E.幽门螺杆菌引起胃溃疡的主要细菌是
风顺科技是一家在深圳证券交易所上市的网络技术服务公司。2020年7月初,风顺科技拟与A公司签订一项技术服务合同,合同金额约3.5亿元。经过谈判,双方于7月15日就合同主要条款达成一致并签署合作意向书。 7月8日,市场出现关于风顺科技即将签署重大交易合同的
下列属于道教的俗神的是()。
简述《义务教育历史课程标准(2011年版)》“知识与能力”目标的具体内容。
[*]
就形式而言,引注被历史地赋予两种功能,即索引工具和道德标尺。引注以其标记技术直接显示所引内容的存在处所,方便人们________,同时也有利于人们全面地把握所引内容的准确意义。另外,引注直观地表明作者对事实和前人劳动的________,展示自己的道德人格。
多年以来,老师已著作等身,那些森林般青翠、幽深的散文,蓊蓊郁郁地,________了我心底最萧索的季节。她笔下炼过的字,锻过的句,一刀一斧________一座座关于“生”的雕塑,那种文字不是平面的,而是雕塑一般——固体的、具象的、静默而至美的。填入画横线
A、Hisanotherarticleisbetter.B、Onlypartofhisarticlewaspublished.C、Hisarticlewaspublishedtoolate.D、Hewouldrath
最新回复
(
0
)