首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Despite much loose talk about the new global economy, today’s international economic integration is not unprecedented. The 50 ye
Despite much loose talk about the new global economy, today’s international economic integration is not unprecedented. The 50 ye
admin
2009-02-13
95
问题
Despite much loose talk about the new global economy, today’s international economic integration is not unprecedented. The 50 years before the first world war saw large cross-border flows of goods, capital and people. That period of globalization, like the present one, was driven by reductions in trade barriers and by sharp falls in transport costs, thanks to the development of railways and steamships. The present surge of globalization is in a way, a resumption (恢复) of that previous trend. The earlier attempt at globalization ended abruptly with the first world war, after which the world moved into a period of fierce trade protectionism and tight restrictions on capital movement. During the early 1930s, America sharply increased its tariffs, and other countries retaliated (报复), making the Great Depression even greater. The volume of world trade fell sharply. International capital flows virtually dried up in the interwar period as governments imposed controls to try to insulate (隔离) their economies from the impact of a global slump.
Capital controls were maintained after the second world war, as the victors decided to keep their exchange rates fixed on arrangement known as the Bretton Woods System, named after the American town in which it was approved. But the big economic powers also agreed that reducing trade barriers was vital to recovery. They set up the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which organized a series of negotiations that gradually reduced import tariffs. GATT was replaced by the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995. Trade flourished.
In the early 1970s, the Bretton Woods System collapsed and currencies were allowed to float against one another at whatever rates the markets set. This signaled the rebirth of global capital market. America and Germany quickly stopped trying to control the inflow and outflow of capital, Britain abolished capital controls in 1979 and Japan (mostly) in 1980. This is part of the reason why continental Europeans tend to worry more about the power of global capital markets. America has been exposed to them for much longer.
Two forces have been driving these increased flows of goods and money. The first is technology. With the costs of communication and computing falling rapidly, the natural barriers of time and space that separate national markets have been falling too. The second driving force has been liberalization. As a result of both the GATT negotiations and unilateral (单方面的,单边的) decisions, almost all countries have lowered barriers to foreign trade. Most countries have welcomed international capital as well.
选项
A、large cross-border flows of people
B、development of railways and steamships
C、sharp falls in transport costs
D、emergence of network
答案
C
解析
细节题。在第一段中讲到,早期的那次全球化跟现在的这次全球化一样,都是由贸易壁垒减少、交通费用骤降而推动的。由此可知,今天全球化的推动力量之一就是交通费用骤降。故C是正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/tjHO777K
0
在职攻硕英语联考
相关试题推荐
Howmenfirstlearnttoinventwordsisunknown;inotherwords,theoriginoflanguageisamystery.Allwereallyknowisthat
Aginghappenstoallofus,andisgenerallythoughtofasanaturalpartoflife.Itwouldseemsillytocallsuchathinga"d
Hecouldn’tlieconvincinglyenoughtotakeachild______.
(复旦大学2010年试题)Businessandgovernmentleadersconsidertheinflationratetobeanimportantgeneralindicator.Inflationis
(清华大学2007年试题)Seariseasaconsequenceofglobalwarmingwouldimmediatelythreatenthatlargefractionoftheglobeliving
Althoughtheexaminationhepassedwasnotimportant,hissuccess______himinhisambitiontobecomeadoctor.
Idon’tunderstandwhypeople______suchabeautifulgardenwithcansandbottles.
Microfinanceisananti-povertytool.Ifyoumakesmallloanstogroupsofpoorwomen,theyalwaysrepaythemontime.Microfina
ItseemslikeonlyyesterdaythatwewereextollingthevirtuesofsuchsociallyproducedwondersasLinuxandWikipedia.These
ThiscalmingdownisperhapsthemainreasonwhyIkeepadiary.Itisincrediblehowthewrittensentencecancalmandtameam
随机试题
"Beproudofwhatyoudo,"myfatheralwaystoldme,"whetheryouareabossorafloormopper."WhenIwas15,Igotasummer
关于干酪样坏死的描述,错误的是
如图3-25所示,三铰拱AB杆的内力为:[2001年第24题]
情景描述:某在建宾馆地下18层、地上2层,建筑高度为80m,建筑占地面积3500m2,建筑面积为45000m2,该宾馆东侧8m处为配电房,北侧12m处为可燃材料堆场及可燃材料库房,西北角15m处为固定动火场所,西侧10m处为宿舍办公区,距离宿舍办公区5m处
下列跨国公司对发展中国家对外贸易的影响描述正确的是()。
阅读下列材料:材料1:蒋介石要求国民党军,对根据地“予以严密封锁,使其交通物资,两相断绝,则内无生产,外无救济,既不得活动,又不能鼠窜,困守一隅,束手待毙。”
德国天文学家布鲁诺捍卫真理,宣传日心说,被烧死在罗马鲜花广场。()
DoesthepublisherofDouglasStarr’sexcellentBlood—AnEpicHistoryofMedicineandCommerceactuallyexpecttosellmanycopi
【B1】【B7】
NowwetraveltothenorthcentralpartoftheUnitedStates.WeareinthestateofSouthDakota.Thelandisbigandmostlyfi
最新回复
(
0
)