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  3. In a perfectly free and open market economy, the type of employer—government or private- -should have little or no impact on the

In a perfectly free and open market economy, the type of employer—government or private- -should have little or no impact on the

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问题     In a perfectly free and open market economy, the type of employer—government or private- -should have little or no impact on the earnings differentials between women and men. However if there is discrimination against one sex, it is unlikely that the degree of discrimination by government and private employers will be the same. Differences in the degree of discrimination would result in earnings differentials associated with the type of employer. Given the nature of government and private employers, it seems most likely that discrimination by private employers would be greater. The results of a study by Fuchs support this assumption. Fuchs’s results suggest that the earnings of women in an industry composed of government employees would by 14. 6 percent greater than the earnings of women in an industry composed exclusively of private employees, other things being equal.
    In addition, both Fuchs and Sanborn have suggested that the effect of discrimination by consumers on the earnings of self-employed women may be greater than the effect of either government or private employer discrimination on the earnings of women employees. To test this hypothesis, Brown made an experiment. His results suggest that men and women are not treated the same by employers and consumers. For men, self-employment is the highest earnings category, with private employment next, and government lowest. For women, this order is reversed.
    One can infer from Brown’s results that consumers discriminate against self-employed women. In addition, self-employed women may have more difficulty than men in getting good employees and may encounter discrimination from suppliers and from financial institutions.
    Brown’s results do not prove that government does not discriminate against women. They do, however, demonstrate that if government is discriminating against women, its discrimination is not having as much effect on women’s earnings as is discrimination in the private sector. (302 words)
Which of the following statements is true?
选项 A、Both private, employers and government employers discriminate with equal effects on women’s earnings.
B、Both private employers and government employers discriminate, hut the discrimination by private employers has a greater effect on women’s earnings.
C、Both private employers and government employers discriminate, hut the discrimination by government employers has a greater effect on women’s earnings.
D、Private employers discriminate, while government employers do not.
答案B
解析 参考第一段第四句。
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