2. 外语
  3. Both in what is now the eastern and the southwestern United States, the peoples of the Archaic era (8,000-1,000 B.C) were,

Both in what is now the eastern and the southwestern United States, the peoples of the Archaic era (8,000-1,000 B.C) were,

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问题          Both in what is now the eastern and the southwestern United States, the peoples of
     the Archaic era (8,000-1,000 B.C) were, in a way, already adapted to beginnings of
     cultivation through their intensive gathering and processing of wild plant foods. In both
     areas, there was a well-established ground stone tool technology, a method of pounding
(5)  and grinding nuts and other plant foods, that could be adapted to newly cultivated foods.
     By the end of the Archaic era, people in eastern North America had domesticated certain
     native plants, including sunflowers; weeds called goosefoot, sumpweed, or marsh elder;
     and squash or gourds of some kind. These provided seeds that were important sources of
     carbohydrates and fat in the diet.
(10)     The earliest cultivation seems to have taken place along the river valleys of the
     Midwest and the Southeast, with experimentation beginning as early as 7,000 years ago
     and domestication beginning 4,000 to 2,000 years ago. Although the term “Neolithic” is
     not used in North American prehistory, these were the first steps toward the same major
     subsistence changes that took place during the Neolithic (8,000-2,000 B.C.) period
(15) elsewhere in the world.
         Archaeologists debate the reasons for beginning cultivation in the eastern part of the
     continent. Although population and sedentary living were increasing at the time, there is
     little evidence that people lacked adequate wild food resources; the newly domesticated
     foods supplemented a continuing mixed subsistence of hunting, fishing, and gathering
(20) wild plants, Increasing predictability of food supplies may have been a motive. It has
     been suggested that some early cultivation was for medicinal and ceremonial plants rather than
     for food. One archaeologist has pointed out that the early domesticated plants were all
     weedy species that do well in open, disturbed habitats, the kind that would form around
     human settlements where people cut down trees, trample the ground, deposit trash, and
(25) dig holes. It has been suggested that sunflower, sumpweed, and other plants almost
     domesticated themselves, that is , they thrived in human –disturbed habitats, so humans
     intensively collected them and began to control their distribution. Women in the Archaic
     communities were probably the main experimenters with cultivation, because
     ethnoarchaeological evidence tells us that women were the main collectors of plant food
     and had detailed knowledge of plants.

选项 A、The principal sources of food that made up their diet
B、Their development of ground stone tool technology
C、Their development of agriculture
D、Their distribution of work between men and women
答案C
解析
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