2. 外语
  3. Since 1951 the proportion of married women who work has grown from just over a fifth to a half. Compared with their counterparts

Since 1951 the proportion of married women who work has grown from just over a fifth to a half. Compared with their counterparts

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问题     Since 1951 the proportion of married women who work has grown from just over a fifth to a half. Compared with their counterparts elsewhere on the Continent, British women comprise a relatively high proportion of the work force, about two-fifths, but on average they work fewer hours, about 31 a week. There is still a significant difference between women’s average earnings and men’s, but the equal pay legislation which came into force at the end of 1975 appears to have helped to narrow the gap between women’s and men’s basic rates. As more and more women join the work force in the 1960s and early 1970s there was an increase in the collective incomes of women as a whole and a major change in the economic role of large numbers of housewife. Women’s liberation looks disturbingly like the "right" to work more. Are liberated career women happier than satisfied mothers? Some think that if men are happy working, and women are happy helping them to deal with pressure, what is there to criticize?
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答案 自1951年以来，工作的已婚妇女的比例从1/5强增加到1/2。同欧洲大陆其他国家相比，英国妇女在在职劳动人口中所占比例较高，约为2/5，但平均而言，她们的工作时间相对较短，每周约为3l小时。男女平均工作报酬仍然存在显著差异，不过，1975年实施生效的有关同工同酬的立法，似乎有助于缩小这一基本差距。20世纪60年代和70年代早期，随着越来越多的女性加入劳动大军，妇女工作报酬总体上有所增加，大批家庭妇女的经济角色发生了重大变化。令人不安的是，妇女解放似乎是一种让妇女多干活的“权利”，获得解放的职业妇女比心满意足的家庭主妇更快乐吗?有人认为，如果男人喜欢工作，而女人乐于在家帮助他们分担压力，这有什么可指责的呢?
解析     (1)Since 1951 the proportion of married women who work has grown from just over a fifth t。a half．此句翻译时将后置定语从句提到其所修饰的名词前面，译为“……的已婚妇女 (married women)”。
    (2)Compared with their counterparts elsewhere on the Continent，British women comprise a relatively high proportion of the work force，about two-fifths，but on average they work fewer hours，about 31 a week．此句中Compared with引导比较状语从句。句中的elsewhere on the Continent后置作名词counterparts的定语，翻译时要提到其所修饰的名词前面，译为“欧洲大陆其他国家”。relatively high为副词修饰形容词，意为“相当高”。
    work force为名词作定语修饰名词，此处指“劳动人口；劳动大军”。
    work fewer hours直译为“工作较短时间”，意译为“工作时间相对较短”，意译似乎更合乎汉语的表达习惯。
    (3)There is still a significant difference between women’s average earnings and men’s，but
the equal pay legislation which came into force at the end of 1975 appears to have helped to narrow the gap between women’s and men’s basic rates．此句的句架为：There is…，but the equal pay legislation which…appears to have helped…。在这个并列复合句中，前一个分句为简单句，后一个则为复合句，包含一个定语从句。
    在…a significant difference between women’s average earnings and men’s中，介词短语between women’s average earnings and men’s后置修饰difference，翻译时将后置定语提到所修饰语前面。
    定语从句which came into force at the end of 1975译时可考虑处理为汉语的“的”字结构。 came into force意为“生效”。narrow the gap意为“缩小差距”。
    介词短语between women’s and men’s basic rates作定语后置修饰名词gap，翻译时将后置定语提到所修饰的名向前面，译为“缩小……之间的差距”。
    (4)…there was an increase in the collective incomes of women as a whole and a major change in the economic role of large numbers of housewife．此句中的介词短语in the collective in comes of women后置作名词increase的定语，但翻译时可将原文的名词increase转译为动词，而后置定语相应处理为状语，译成：“妇女工作报酬总体上有所增加”。同样地a major change in the economic role of large numbers of house wife也可处理成：“大批家庭妇女的经济角色发生了重大变化”。
    (5)Women’s liberation looks disturbingly like the“right’’to work more．此句中look like为短语，意为：“像……；似……”。
    副词disturbingly意为“令人不安地”，修饰动词短语look like。英语中的副词在句中位置十分灵活，翻译时要考虑汉语的表达习惯。
    (6)Are liberated career women happier than satisfied mothers．此句中有两处过去分词作定语，即liberated career women和satisfied mother可译为汉语的形容词。
    (7)…，what is there to criticize?此句可译为：“有什么可以指责的?”句中的there有“在那个阶段；在那件事上；在那个时刻；在那个点上”等意，又如：
    Stop there before you make anymore mistakes．在你犯更多的错误之前就罢休吧。
    I can’t agree with him there．在那件事上我不赞同他。
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