首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In the late years of the nineteenth century, "capital" and "labour" were enlarging and perfecting their rival organisations on m
In the late years of the nineteenth century, "capital" and "labour" were enlarging and perfecting their rival organisations on m
admin
2010-07-06
56
问题
In the late years of the nineteenth century, "capital" and "labour" were enlarging and perfecting their rival organisations on modern lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. Meanwhile the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.
The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. During the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world’s movement towards industrialisation. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large "comfortable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders’ meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand "shareholding" meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilisation.
The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of employees in the company in which they held shares, and their influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the workers and their demands, but even he had seldom familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employers had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business. Indeed the mere size of operations and the number of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organisation of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other’s strength and understand the value of fair negotiation.
The author appears to be very critical of
选项
A、family firm owners.
B、shareholders.
C、managers.
D、landowners.
答案
B
解析
文章从传统家族企业谈到现代的有限责任公司主要就是为了引出股东的话题,从股东发展的由来到他们所起的作用,说他们是有钱有闲,不问正事的阶层,可见作者对其是持批评态度的。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/tzxd777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语四级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语四级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
【61】Fathersexposedtopoisonoussubstancesareprobablyjustaslikelytobethecauseofdefectsintheirunborninfantsasmo
Whatdoesthephrase"fromvariouscomersofthiscountry"probablymean?Whatdoesthewriterprobablythinkofthedebateabo
Nineteenth-centuryhumoristArtemusWardoncewarnedthereaders:"Itain’twhatyoudon’tknowthathurtsyou;it’swhatyoukno
Nineteenth-centuryhumoristArtemusWardoncewarnedthereaders:"Itain’twhatyoudon’tknowthathurtsyou;it’swhatyoukno
Ouranalysisthereforesuggeststhattherealproblemfacingtheblackcommunityliesintheeducationalobstaclespriortothe
ThecontroversialAnglo-Frenchsupersonictransportplane,theConcorde,hadattractedmuchattentionbecauseitisunusuallylo
Thiskindofcomplexmeaningexpressedinwrittenlanguagesoonbecomesafishoutofwater.Thecomplexityofspokenlanguagei
Predictionsofmanyrobotsinindustryhaveyetcometrue.Fortenyearsormore,manufacturersofbigrobotshaveexplainedhow
随机试题
简述事务的COMMIT语句和ROLLBACK语句的功能。
李某因倒卖外汇于1995年9月被法院以投机倒把罪判处有期徒刑5年。修改后的刑法实施以后,李某提出申诉,理由是现行刑法无此罪名,要求改判无罪。法院应当()
表面线圈的主要作用是
足少阳胆经主治
数字程控交换系统主要功能是()。
下列有关重整期间发生的事项中,不符合规定的是()。
根据营业税改征增值税试点税收政策的规定,下列各项中,不属于营业税改征增值税应税服务的是()。
下列句子中,加下划线的成语使用正确的一项是()
行政管理的编制管理是指按法律规定的制度和程序,为有效控制()所进行的管理。
民生经济,就是把保障和改善中低收入社会成员的生存发展条件作为主线贯穿于生产、分配、消费等经济运行的全过程,通过理顺劳动力、土地、资本等生产要素的比价关系,实现资源合理配置,提高社会整体经济效率,提升社会总福利水平的经济发展模式。根据上述定义,下列不属于民生
最新回复
(
0
)