首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up t
Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up t
admin
2010-07-06
23
问题
Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialization was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.
No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in salience: exceptions can be found to any role. Nevertheless, the word amateur does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialization in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.
A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a haft reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.
Although the process of professionalisation and specialization was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.
Which of the following is wrong about professionals and amateurs?
选项
A、No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science.
B、Amateurs’ participation into scientific research has become more difficult.
C、There is no discriminations of professionals against amateurs in geology.
D、Entrance to professional geological journals has become harder for amateurs.
答案
C
解析
C “在地质学上,已经不存在专家和业余爱好者的区别对待”与文章中的“Amateurs,on the...old way.The overall...for amateurs”不一致。故选C 项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/u3Dd777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语四级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语四级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
Oneofthemostalarmingthingsaboutthecrisisintheglobalfinancialsystemisthatthewarningsignshavebeenouttherefo
WhydoesDr.Johnsonsuggestbuildingagreenhousenearapowerstation?
ThepagesoftheHarvardBusinessReviewarenotusuallypopulatedbynovelists.ButJosephFinderisjustsuchararity.Recent
ThespeakerthinksthattobeateacherismoredifficultthantobethepresidentoftheNEA.
Youhavereadanarticleinanewspaperwhichstatesthat"Childrenshouldbepaidfordoinghousework,forthishelpsthemtol
EmployeesoftheTaffValeRailwayCompanyinSouthWalesgreasedthetracksandcuttelegraphwiresduringabitterstrikein1
Payandproductivity,itisgenerallyassumed,shouldberelated.Buttherelationshipseemstoweaken【C1】________peoplegetold
Themovementofthesuncreatesperiodsof________.Whenwastheinternationalconferencethatdividedtheworldinto24timez
Aneweraisuponus.Callitwhatyouwill:theserviceeconomy,theinformationage,theknowledgesociety.Italltranslates
Mostpeoplewhotravellongdistancescomplainofjetlag(喷气飞行时差反应).Jetlagmakesbusinesstravelerslessproductiveandmorepr
随机试题
能刺激体内血管升压素(ADH)分泌的因素有哪些?
农村基层民主政治建设的主要途径是
对于工程师代表发出的指令、通知,描述正确的是()。
企业提取盈余公积的主要目的是为了防范企业经营风险等的需要。()
简述现代地理教育技术的意义。
西方的法治,尽管并不排斥道德,但无疑在宣扬法律至上的同时有意无意地忽略了道德,西方社会普遍存在的情感危机与道德沦丧就是明证:传统的德治却是主张德主刑辅,法是德的附属,贬抑了法的作用,也与时代的发展不相适应。所以,对二者都要加以扬弃和改造,抽取各自的合理内核
为了推行教育扶贫方案和落实“全上学”计划,某县准备选取2个中职学校作为教育试点开展“扶贫励志班”。如果你是教育局的工作人员,领导让你负责本次工作,请问你会如何开展?
Whenamanknowsthathewillbeputintoprisonifheusesapotentiallydeadlyobjecttorobordoharmtoanotherperson,he
设α=[a1,a2,…,an]T,β=[b1,b2,…,bn]T≠0,且αTβ=0,A=E+αβT,试计算:(1)|A|;(2)An;(3)A-1.
设yt=t2+3,则△2yt=__________.
最新回复
(
0
)