首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
"Looking at Theatre History" One of the primary ways of approaching the Greek theatre is through archeology, the systematic s
"Looking at Theatre History" One of the primary ways of approaching the Greek theatre is through archeology, the systematic s
admin
2018-07-24
86
问题
"Looking at Theatre History"
One of the primary ways of approaching the Greek theatre is through archeology, the systematic study of material remains such as architecture, inscriptions, sculpture, vase painting, and other forms of decorative art. A Serious on-site excavations began in Greece around 1870, but W. Dorpfeld did not begin the first extensive study of the Theatre of Dionysus until 1886. B Since that time, more than 167 other Greek theatres have been identified and many of them have been excavated. C Nevertheless, they still do not permit us to describe the precise appearance of the
Skene
(illustrations printed in books are conjectural reconstructions), since many pieces are irrevocably lost because the buildings in later periods became sources of stone for other projects and what remains is usually broken and scattered. D That most of the buildings were remodeled many times has created great problems for those seeking to date the successive versions. Despite these drawbacks, archeology provides the most concrete evidence we have about the theatre structures of ancient Greece. But, if they have told us much, archeologists have not completed their work, and many sites have scarcely been touched.
Perhaps the most eontroversial use of archeological evidence in theatre history is vase paintings, thousands of which have survived from ancient Greece. (Most of those used by theatre scholars are reproduced in Margarete Bieber’s The History of the Greek and Roman Theatre.) Depicting scenes from mythology and daily life, the vases are the most graphic pictorial evidence we have. But they are also easy to misinterpret. Some scholars have considered any vase that depicts a subject treated in a surviving drama or any scene showing masks, flute players, or ceremonials to be valid evidence of theatrical practice. This is a highly questionable assumption, since the Greeks made widespread use of masks, dances, and music outside the theatre and since the myths on which dramatists drew were known to everyone, including vase painters, who might well depict the same subjects as dramatists without being indebted to them. Those vases showing scenes unquestionably theatrical are few in number.
The texts to classical Greek plays were written down soon after the performance and possibly even before, though it is not always clear when or by whom. By 400 b.c.e., there was a flourishing book trade in Greece, but the texts for plays were a challenge. Hellenistic scholars dedicated years to sorting out the text and removing what they believed to be corruptions generally added by actors, but each time a text was copied there were new possibilities for errors.
The oldest surviving manuscripts of Greek plays date from around the tenth century, c.e., some 1500 years after they were first performed. Nevertheless, the scripts offer us our readiest access to the cultural and theatrical conditions out of which they came. But these scripts, like other kinds of evidence, are subject to varying interpretations. Certainly performances embodied a male perspective, for example, since the plays were written, selected, staged, and acted by men. Yet the existing plays feature numerous choruses of women and many feature strong female characters. Because these characters often seem victims of their own powerlessness and appear to be governed, especially in the comedies, by sexual desire, some critics have seen these plays as rationalizations by the male-dominated culture for keeping women segregated and cloistered. Other critics, however, have seen in these same plays an attempt by male authors to force their male audiences to examine and call into question this segregation and cloistering of Athenian women.
By far the majority of written references to Greek theatre date from several hundred years after the events they report. The writers seldom mention their sources of evidence, and thus we do not know what credence to give them. In the absence of material nearer in time to the events, however, historians have used the accounts and have been grateful to have them. Overall, historical treatment of the Greek theatre is something like assembling a jigsaw puzzle from which many pieces are missing: historians arrange what they have and imagine (with the aid of the remaining evidence and logic) what has been lost. As a result, though the broad outlines of Greek theatre history are reasonably clear, many of the details remain open to doubt.
Glossary
skene: a stage building where actors store their masks and change their costumes
According to paragraph 3, scripts of plays may not be accurate because
选项
A、the sources cited are not well known
B、copies by hand may contain many errors
C、they are written in a very old language
D、the printing is difficult to read
答案
B
解析
"... each time a text was copied, there were new possibilities for errors." Choice A is not correct because the problem of sources was identified for archeological findings, not written evidence. Choices C and D are not mentioned as problems for written evidence.
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/uCfO777K
0
托福(TOEFL)
相关试题推荐
Completetheflowchartbelow.ChooseFIVEanswersfromtheboxandwritethecorrectletter,A-G,nexttoquestions26-30.AId
WhatrulesapplytotakingdifferentobjectstotheCentre?Matcheachobjectwiththecorrectrule,A-C.Writethecorrectlett
WhatdidPhoebefinddifficultaboutthedifferentresearchtechniquessheused?ChooseFIVEanswersfromtheboxandwritethe
Whatadvantagedoesthespeakermentionforeachofthefollowingphysicalactivities?ChooseSIXanswersfromtheboxandwrite
ResearchingtheoriginofmedievalmanuscriptsBackgroundMedievalmanuscripts—handwrittenbooksproducedbetweenthefifth
ResearchingtheoriginofmedievalmanuscriptsBackgroundMedievalmanuscripts—handwrittenbooksproducedbetweenthefifth
(Between)1905and1907,(floodwaters)fromtheColoradoRiverpouredinto(a)salt-covereddepression(andcreating)theSalton
A、Therelationshipbetweenpaintingandsculpture.B、Theideasbehindanartist’swork.C、Thepracticalvalueofaworkofart.
Pheromonesaresubstancesthatserveaschemicalsignalsbetweenmembersofthe samespecies.Theyaresecretedtot
随机试题
结构化程序的三种基本结构是()。
催化剂能改变化学平衡状态。()
颈椎病最先发生退变的关节为
法律文件包括()。
[背景资料]某建筑工程,总承包单位将地基与基础分部工程分包给某基础工程公司。业主委托某监理公司进行施工监理,监理规划和具体工作如下:(1)该工程的施工质量验收按《建筑工程施工质量验收统一标准》及有关专业验收规范进行。(2)施工中,各检验批的质量验收记
会计人员自我教育与修养的方法包括()。
某企业2004年6月20日购置一台不需要安装的甲设备投入企业管理部门使用,该设备入账价值为370万元,预计使用5年,预计净残值为10万元,采用双倍余额递减法计提折旧。2004年12月31日和Z005年12月31日分别对甲设备进行检查,确定甲设备的可收回金额
遗嘱生效必须符合()等实质要求。
《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划纲要》描绘了未来五年我国经济社会发展的宏伟蓝图。《纲要》更加注重发挥市场对资源配置的基础性作用和对经济社会发展的宏观调控,凸显行政体制改革和转变政府职能的有关内容。这是因为()。
ToallAmericans,anotherbasic【B1】______intheirconstitutionistheBillofrights,adoptedin1971.Thisconsistsof10very
最新回复
(
0
)