2. 外语
  3. (1) One of the fiercest debates in the nation these days centers on immigration to America, and whether it takes jobs away from

(1) One of the fiercest debates in the nation these days centers on immigration to America, and whether it takes jobs away from

admin2022-10-09  25
问题     (1) One of the fiercest debates in the nation these days centers on immigration to America, and whether it takes jobs away from people already here. But maybe the solution is emigration from America. Today, there are nine million American civilians living abroad—up from four million in 1999. In the 21st century, America’s greatest export could just be…Americans.
    (2) Just as India’s greatest export has long been Indians. In 1936, when my grandfather was 16, he had to help support his five younger siblings in a village in Gujarat. His father sent him to Nairobi, Kenya, where he began his career sweeping floors in his uncle’s accounting office. In turn, his children moved, to America, to England, to Australia. In the 1970s my father stood for nine hours a day at the Diamond Dealers Club on West 47th Street in Manhattan because he couldn’t afford an office. My grandfather’s descendants are doctors, lawyers, public servants, corporate executives all over the world. Mobility is survival.
    (3) Many Americans recoil at the idea that they should have to go abroad for anything more taxing than sightseeing. The number of Americans working abroad is very low compared with other developed countries. Only a third of Americans have a working passport; three-quarters of Britons do, and 60 percent of Canadians.
    (4) If you were to believe President Trump, and even some supporters of Senator Bernie Sanders, you would think that this is because every American has a divine right to a well-paid job in his own country.
    (5) The 20th century was the American century; the 21st, not so much. A young person in Denmark or New Zealand has a better quality of life than a young person in the United States. There you can go to college free, not have to worry about money when you’re sick, and enjoy two months’ vacation even if you’re only an intern (实习生). Partly this is due to the significant underinvestment by the government in education, health care and the arts, which has left sections of the United States looking like postwar Europe.
    (6) All around the world, there are legions of Americans making a good living as engineers, corporate executives, English teachers.
    (7) Critics say this kind of globalization is only for the elite, those lucky and wealthy enough to have been educated at the best schools. But it’s not just jobs requiring a college degree that Americans should consider doing overseas. A 150-peso-an-hour job in an automobile plant in Aguascalientes, Mexico, isn’t the same as a $40-an-hour union job in Detroit; but you will live much better than if you made $8 an hour slinging burgers in Scranton, Pa. Maybe, instead of building a wall, President Trump should be demanding that Mexico open up its labor market to Americans.
    (8) I certainly understand why Americans might be attached to their house, their friends and family, their home country. I’ve made New York my home, the last home for those who have no other. The United States is a beautiful country, a safe country and, for most people, a comfortable country. It’s true that we should fight for better-paying jobs at home; companies move jobs abroad so they can pay workers less, in countries with looser environmental and labor laws.
    (9) But American jobs are disappearing not because they’re moving to Mexico; it’s because they are increasingly being done by robots. What we need is not tariffs, but training. We also need to gently teach our children: You might prefer to stay in the house you were born in all your life, but it’s not a constitutional right.
    (10) My family had to move because there was no future in rural Gujarat; 200 years of British colonialism had left the Indian economy in ruins.
    (11) Americans are more fortunate; the whole world looks like America now. Americans who emigrate don’t have to go without cheeseburgers, "Seinfeld" or the English language.
    (12) Some of my former New York University students were able to land lucrative jobs in the booming Indian news industry because they have writing and editing skills honed (磨炼) at a top American university. In India, their salaries can buy them an apartment, nice dinners, domestic help. Most of their peers in New York are still struggling in unpaid internships and have to be supported by loans or parents.
    (13) For my college-going sons, there is no guarantee that there will be a job waiting after graduation in America. But they have already worked, with confidence, in Brazil and Indonesia. Growing up in New York has made them comfortable with the idea of living anywhere in the world. The other day, my older son, who wants to be a journalist, told me he was thinking about looking for a job in… India. (本文选自 The New York Times)
Why is the percentage of Americans having a working passport lower than that of Britons?
选项 A、Americans dislike working overseas which is more demanding than travelling.
B、Americans feel it lengthy and difficult to apply for a working passport.
C、Americans are more likely to get high-paying jobs at home.
D、Americans are not accustomed to living and working in other countries.
答案A
解析 推断题、原文第三段第一句提到，许多美国人一想到他们得为比观光更费劲的事出国就recoil，虽然该句中的recoil一词是超纲词，但根据下文可以推出，recoil在这里是表示不喜欢或不愿意去做的意思。由此可知，许多美国人不喜欢去海外工作的原因就是在海外工作要比去海外观光更费事，故A为正确答案。原文并未提及美国人申请工作护照的过程漫长而又烦琐，故排除B；C是强干扰选项，第四段虽然提到人们会认为原因是每一位美国人都拥有在本国获得一份高薪工作的神圣权利，但该句是一个虚拟条件句，这表明真实情况是人们并不这么认为，C是对原文的曲解，故排除；第十一段第一句提到美国人更幸运，如今全世界看起来都像美国，由此可知，美国人在其他国家也能适应得很好，因为其他国家的环境和美国类似，D与原文表述不符，故排除。
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