首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
In the early 20th century, a house named Clever Hans was believed capable of counting and other impressive mental task. After ye
In the early 20th century, a house named Clever Hans was believed capable of counting and other impressive mental task. After ye
admin
2012-07-24
44
问题
In the early 20th century, a house named Clever Hans was believed capable of counting and other impressive mental task. After years of great performance, psychologists discovered that though Hans was certainly clever, he was not clever in the way everyone expected. The horse was cleverly picking up on tiny, unintentional bodily and facial signals given out not only by his trainer, but also by the audience. Aware of the "Clever Hans" effect, Lisa Lit at the University of California and her colleagues wondered whether the beliefs of professional dog handlers might similarly affect the outcomes of searches for drug and explosives. Remarkably, Dr. Lit found, they do.
Dr. Lit asked 18 professional dog handlers and their dogs to complete brief searches. Before the searches, the handlers were informed that some of search areas might contain up to three target scents, and also that in two cases those scents would be marked by pieces of red paper. What the handlers were not told was that none of the search areas contained the scents of either drugs or explosives. Any "detections" made by the teams thus had to be false.
The findings reveal that of 144 searches, only 21 were clean (no alerts). All the others raised one alert or more. In total, the teams raised 225 alerts. Whiles the sheer number of false alerts struck Dr. Lit as fascinating, it was where they took place that was of greatest interest.
When handlers could see a red piece of paper, allegedly marking a location of interest, they were much more likely to say that their dogs signalled an alert. The human handlers were not only distracted on almost every occasion by the stimulus aimed at them, but also transmitted that distracted to their animals—who responded accordingly. To mix metaphors, the dogs were crying "wolf’ at the unconscious signal of their handlers.
How much that matters in the real world is unclear. But it might. If a handler, for example, unconsciously "profiled" people being sniffed by a drug or explosive-detecting dog at an airport, false positives could abound. That is not only bad for innocent travellers, but might distract the team from catching the guilty.
The dog handlers learned before the searches that_____.
选项
A、each search area contained three target scents
B、there was actually no target scent in the search area
C、their dogs were expected to find the scents of red paper
D、some target scents may be labelled with a special mark
答案
D
解析
由第二段中“And also that in two cases those scents would be marked by pieces of red paper.”可知,一些目标气味上可能有些特殊标记。故答案选D。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/uEhi777K
0
在职申硕(同等学力)英语
相关试题推荐
Withthepossibleexceptionofequalrights,perhapsthemostcontroversialissueacrosstheUnitedStatestodayisthedeathpe
Musiccomesinmanyforms;mostcountrieshaveastyleoftheirown.【C1】______theturnofthecenturywhenjazz(爵士乐)wasborn,Am
Visualimpairment(视觉障碍)carrieswithitareducedorrestrictedabilitytotravelthroughone’sphysicalandsocialenvironmentu
Man:IsawJohnyesterday.Youknowwhat?Hewasdrivingaluxuriouscar.Woman:Herentedit.Heoftenmakesothersbelievetha
InherinternationalbestsellingTalktotheHand,authorLynneTrussarguesthatcommoncourtesiessuchassaying"Excuseme"a
Man:Areyoureadytogojogging?Woman:Almost,Ihavetowarmupfirst.Question:Whatdoesthewomanmean?
Thelocalpeoplewerejoyfullysurprisedtofindthepricesofvegetablesnolonger______accordingtotheweather.
Becauseofadverseweatherconditions,thetravelersstoppedtocamp.
Discoveriesinscienceandtechnologyarethoughtbymanytocomeinblindingflashesorastheresultofdramaticaccidents:Si
Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmaybecomeadrivingforce.Wh
随机试题
A.沉淀反应B.凝集反应C.补体结合试验D.中和试验E.ELISA单向免疫扩散属于
柴胡善于治疗的是()羌活善于治疗的是()
若已知按荷载效应的标准组合计算的跨中弯矩值Mk=100kN·m,则裂缝间纵向受拉钢筋应变不均匀系数Ψ与下列( )项数值最为接近。若按有效受拉混凝土截面面积计算的纵向受拉钢筋配筋率ρte=1.508%,按荷载效应的标准组合计算的纵向受拉钢筋的等效应力σ
外径20厘米、内径12厘米的钻探石油的无缝钢钻管
工作评价方法中,以下属于定性分析法的是()。
调整教师与物欲诱惑之间关系的道德规范是()。
“胡服骑射”
李进:这学期没有女生获得“银士达”奖学金。王芳:这就是说这学期没人获得“银士达”奖学金。李进:不,事实上有几个男生这学期获得了“银士达”奖学金。王芳的回答可能假设了以下所有的断定,除了:
社会财富占有两极分化的重要原因、资本主义社会失业现象产生的根源是()。
根据性能分类时,主要的指标包括()。
最新回复
(
0
)