首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Civilizations Civilizations, vast or otherwise, can always be located on a map. An essential part of their character depends
Civilizations Civilizations, vast or otherwise, can always be located on a map. An essential part of their character depends
admin
2017-03-25
69
问题
Civilizations
Civilizations, vast or otherwise, can always be located on a map. An essential part of their character depends on the constraints or advantages of their geographical situation. 【T1】
This, of course, will have been affected for centuries or even millennia by human effort. Every landscape bears the traces of this continuous and cumulative labour generation after generation contributing to the whole. So doing, humanity itself has been transformed by what the French historian Jules Michelet called ’the decisive shaping of self by self’, or(as Karl Marx put it)’the production of people by people ’
. To discuss civilization is to discuss space, land and its contours, climate, vegetation, animal species and natural or other advantages. It is also to discuss what humanity has made of these basic conditions: agriculture, stock-breeding, food, shelter, clothing, communications, industry and so on. 【T2】
The stage on which humanity’s endless dramas are played out partly determines their story-line and explains their nature. The cast will alter, but the set remain broadly the same.
For the expert on India, Hermann Goetz, there are two essential Indias. One is humid, with heavy rainfall, lakes, marshes, forests and jungles, aquatic plants and flowers—the land of people with dark skins. It contrasts with the dryer India of the Indo-Gangetic plain, plus the Deccan plateau—the home of lighter-skinned people, many of them warlike. India as a whole, in Goetz’s view, is a debate and a tug-of-war between these two contrasting areas and peoples. 【T3】
The natural and man-made environment, of course, can not predetermine everything. It is not all-powerful. But it greatly affects the inherent or acquired advantages of any given situation. To take inherent advantages, every civilization is born of immediate opportunities, rapidly exploited.
Thus in the dawn of time, river civilizations flourished in the old world: Chinese civilization along the Yellow River; pre-Indian along the Indus; Sumerian, Babylonian and Assyrian on the Euphrates and the Tigris Egyptian on the Nile. A Similar group of Vigorous civilizations developed in Northern Europe, around the Baltic and the North Sea—not to mention the Atlantic Ocean itself. Much of the West and its dependencies today, in fact, are grouped around that ocean, rather as Roman world of former times was grouped around the Mediterranean.
【T4】
These classic instances reveal above all the prime important of communications. No civilization can survive without mobility; all are enriched by trade and the stimulating impact of strangers.
Islam for instance, is inconceivable without the movement of its caravans across the ’dry seas’ of its deserts and steppes, without its expeditions in the Mediterranean and across the Indian Ocean as far as Malacca and China. 【T5】
Mentioning these achievements has already led us beyond the natural and immediate advantages which supposedly gave rise to civilizations. To overcome the steady winds of the Indian Ocean, or to dam a river—all that needed human effort, to enjoy advantages, or rather to create them.
【T4】
选项
答案
这些经典实例首先揭示了交流的极端重要性。没有流动性,文化是无法存在下去的。一切都因交流和对陌生人的诱惑影响而变得精彩。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/uOGO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
ThechangingprofileofacityintheUnitedStatesisapparentintheshiftingdefinitionsusedbytheUnitedStatesBureauof
Thedevelopmentofwritingwasoneofthegreathumaninventions.Itisdifficult【C1】______manypeopletoimaginelanguagewi
Linguistshaveunderstoodfordecadesthatlanguageandthoughtarecloselyrelated.Humansconstructrealityusingthoughtand
Oneofthebasiccharacteristicsofcapitalismistheprivateownershipofthemajormeansofproduction—capital.Theownership
Oneofthebasiccharacteristicsofcapitalismistheprivateownershipofthemajormeansofproduction—capital.Theownership
Oneofthebasiccharacteristicsofcapitalismistheprivateownershipofthemajormeansofproduction—capital.Theownership
Oneofthebasiccharacteristicsofcapitalismistheprivateownershipofthemajormeansofproduction—capital.Theownership
Shouldthedeathpenaltybe_______?
Ateacherissomeonewhocommunicatesinformationorskillsothatsomeoneelsemaylearn.Parentsarethe【C1】______teachers.
Inthepast10years,thecompanyhasgradually____allofitssmallerrivals.
随机试题
麻醉前用药中,使用麻醉性镇痛剂(吗啡等)的主要目的是下述哪项
下列关于桥梁技术术语说法正确的是()。
招标委员会的成员中,技术、经济等方面的专家不得少于()。
为了使断路器各断口上的电压分布接近相等,常在断路器多断口上加装()。
在Excel中,通过( )可以将整个工作表全部选中。
就同一种类型的债券而言,长期债券的利率比短期债券要低,因为长期债券获利的时间更长。( )
销售费用与管理费用相比,销售费用通常具有的特点有()。
令a◎b=3a+2b,现有输入值a、b、c一个各不相同的正整数。a、b、c经过算符a◎(b◎c)运算后得到输出值23,问b为:
Atfirst,PetersonfeelsthatEnglishlearningisveryboring.Atfirst,Petersonfinds______tostudyEnglish.
Fortyyearsagonoonewasconcernedaboutthehealthoftheocean,inspiteofthefactthatmanyfisheries(渔业)werebeingoverh
最新回复
(
0
)