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  3. The greatest impact on the family over the last 50 years has been the changing role of the wife. These changes have affected not

The greatest impact on the family over the last 50 years has been the changing role of the wife. These changes have affected not

admin2009-03-16  98
问题     The greatest impact on the family over the last 50 years has been the changing role of the wife. These changes have affected not only her life but also that of her husband and children 【61】The family has changed from an economically, defined unit under the authority of the father and having minimal interpersonal emotional ties to a unit with strong emotional ties directed primarily by the mother to her husband and children. One important result was greater emotional and general psychological seclusion of the woman which clearly implied that the female role was culturally a secondary one.
    In recant decades it has become clear that for a distinct minority of American women the traditional mother role in the seclusion of the home is no longer acceptable. For many the family is of diminishing importance. The development of education for women has been a crucial factor in this change. Today, over 80 percent of all women complete four years of high school as compared to only 35 percent in 1940. This is related to the fact that marriage now occurs a year later for the average woman. The proportion of women aged 20 to 24 who are single increased from 28 percent in 1960 to 40 percent by the mld-1970s. 【62】Child bearing is being postponed, so that compared to the 1960s, 10 percent fewer women bear their first child in the two .years immediately following, marriage. Furthermore, more women today remain childless. Work, older age at marriage, and fewer children are the basic changes that have taken place-in women’s roles in recent years.
    The trend among women is toward increased education, and this is linked to other role changes. 【63】The higher a woman’s educational attainment, the more likely she is to work, to staff in the labor force longer, and to have more job opportunities available to her. This further suggests that when women axe married their work has a great impact on their marriages. For example, since working wives contribute 25 to 40 percent of their total family income, their position as decision-makers in the family is usually strengthened. 【64】Weitz points out that the social trends towards increased education for women mean not only mort work experience but also delayed marriage and decreased fertility. These changes, in turn, point the way toward even greater labor force participation throughout the life cycle.
    The number of women entering the work force is rapidly increasing. Women outnumber men in the total population by about 7 million. 【65】When that is added to the fact that labor force participation of males is slowly declining because of the trend toward earlier retirement, "it may not be too long before one out of every two American workers is a woman. "
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答案家庭在过去是一个经济意义上的单位，在家中父亲说了算，家庭成员之间很少有情感交流；现在的家庭则变成了一个由母亲主导的、与其丈夫和孩子之间有强烈情感维系的单位。
解析     本句是一个很长的简单句，主干是The family has changed，其后的介词结构from...to...是句子的状语。其中属于from这一部分的under...the father和having...emotional ties是an economically defined unit的两个并列后置定语；属于to这一部分的with...是a unit的介词后置定语，而directed by...and children则是strong emotional ties的分词后置定语。在翻译这样的长句时，必须使用拆译法，将句意疏通。
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