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  3. If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work force skills, American firms have a problem. Human resource management is n

If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work force skills, American firms have a problem. Human resource management is n

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问题     If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work force skills, American firms have a problem. Human resource management is not traditionally seen as【C1】________to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired or【C2】________at the lowest possible cost—much【C3】________ one buys raw materials or equipment.
    The lack of importance【C4】________to human resource management can be seen in the corporation hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second【C5】________command. The【C6】________of head of human resource managements is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who【C7】________it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to【C8】________to Chief Executive Officer (CEO).【C9】________, in Japan the head of human resource management is central—usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm’s【C10】________ .
    As a【C11】________, problems【C12】________when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn【C13】________to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is【C14】________in Germany than it is in the United Stated. More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for【C15】________retraining【C16】________costs and creates bottlenecks that【C17】________the speed with【C18】________new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological【C19】________. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population【C20】________the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can’t effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.
【C14】
选项 A、fewer
B、higher
C、littler
D、lower
答案D
解析 本填空考查形容词，并且这个形容词是对事物进行定性，这样就需要研究其所在句子的意思．并且由于此填空所在句子又处于一个条件逻辑关系中，需要首先研究之前的条件句：If American workers，for example，take much longer to learn ________to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany(as they do)，这个条件句的原文信息明确阐述了：如果美国工人比德国工人花费更长的时间学习如何操作新型的多用途制造设备，根据这个条件信息就不难判断后面的句子所要表达的意思应该为：这种设备的有效成本在德国比在美国低。选项B)higher是方向性的错误，而选项A)fewer和C)littler在语法上不正确。
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