In a Bertelsmann Foundation study on social justice released this fall, the United States came in deadly last among the rich【M1】

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问题     In a Bertelsmann Foundation study on social justice released
this fall, the United States came in deadly last among the rich【M1】______
countries, with only Greece, Chile, Mexico and Turkey faring
worse. Whether in poverty prevention, child poverty, income
inequality and health ratings, the United States ranked below【M2】______
countries like Spain and South Korea, not mention Japan,【M3】______
Germany or France.
    It was another sign of how badly Americans are hurting their
middle class. Wars, famine and violence have been devastated【M4】______
middle classes before, in Germany and Japan. But when the smoke
cleared and the dust settled, a social structure roughly similar to
what existed before would always resurface.
    No nation has ever lost an existing middle class, and the
United States is in danger of that yet. But the percentage of【M5】______
national income holding by the top 1 percent of Americans went【M6】______
from about 10 percent in 1980 to 24 percent in 2007, that is a【M7】______
worrisome signal. So before the United States continues on its
current road of dismantling its version of the welfare state, of
expanding the gap between rich and poor, Americans might do
well glance south. The lesson is that even after a large middle class【M8】______
emerges, yawning inequities between rich and poor severely strain
any society’s cohesion and harmony.
    The United States has never had the type of robust welfare
state that European built after World War II. It didn’t need that.【M9】______
Through private initiative and efforts to equalize opportunity,
Americans long ago ensured that a huge middle class would
provide the social glue to hold his society together.【M10】______
【M6】

选项

答案holding—held

解析 语法错误。此处是分词短语作后置定语,通过hold之后的介词by以及hold与其修饰的词the percentage of national income之间的逻辑关系,可以断定此处应该用过去分词形式。
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