首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Laughter The nature of laughter laughter is a【L31】________process — involves movement and sound it is controlled by our【
Laughter The nature of laughter laughter is a【L31】________process — involves movement and sound it is controlled by our【
admin
2022-03-30
43
问题
Laughter
The nature of laughter
laughter is a【L31】________process — involves movement and sound
it is controlled by our【L32】________
Reasons for laughter
only 10% of laughter is caused by jokes/funny stories
may have begun as sign of 【L33】________after a dangerous situation
nowadays, may help to develop【L34】________within a group
connected to【L35】________(e.g. use of humour by politicians or bosses)
may be related to male/female differences (e.g. women laugh more at male speakers)
may be used in a【L36】________way to keep someone out of a group
Benefits of laughter
safe method for the【L37】________of emotions such as anger and sadness
provides good aerobic exercise
leads to drop in levels of stress-related【L38】________
improves the【L39】________
can stop【L40】________and improve sleep
【L32】
Good afternoon, everybody... and in our second talk on social psychology, I want to look at the role of laughter in our lives — something that usually gets everyone smiling from the start.
So first of all, I’ll start by looking at the actual nature of laughter. Well, when someone laughs you’ve got movement of the muscles of the face and the chest, and you’ve got sound formed when the air’s forced out of the body as part of this process,
so we’re talking about a physical activity.
But obviously other things are involved as well and this is where it gets more complicated. Laughing isn’t something that you normally decide to do. So it’s not voluntary behaviour, like ordinary speech. Instead
it’s regulated by. our instincts
rather like the singing of a bird, or the roaring of a lion. And once you start to laugh, it can be quite hard to stop as that’s not always under your conscious control either.
But why do we laugh? Because we find something funny, most of us would say. But in fact, it appears that laughter has little to do with jokes or funny stories. Only about 10 per cent of laughter is caused by things like that. One suggestion is that human laughter may have originally started out as a shared response to
signal relief at the passing of danger.
And it’s true that even these days, laughter’s rarely an activity carried out by an individual on his or her own. In fact, people are 30 times more likely to laugh when they’re with other people than when they’re completely alone. Laughter still seems to be a kind of social signal. It occurs when people are in a group and they’re comfortable with one another. And it seems likely that laughter can result in
the creation of bonds
between the people in the group.
And it’s precisely because of this social aspect of laughter that people like public speakers and politicians often try to get their audience to laugh. It encourages their listeners to trust them and to connect with them. But this kind of thing — controlling the laughter of a group, indicates that
there’s a link between laughter and power,
and this is supported by several studies that indicate that bosses use humour more than their employees. And research has also shown that female listeners are likely to laugh much more if the speaker is male, so it appears that there are gender issues associated with how much we laugh.
I should also point out that laughter
can be used as a negative signal
as well as a positive one. I think we’ve all probably seen evidence of a group using laughter to exclude someone... to emphasise that they are not accepted. So it’s not always a positive type of behaviour, either. So what all this goes to show is that laughter is a very, very complex issue.
It does appear however that laughter has definite benefits. If we look first at the psychological aspects, we know that people often tend to store negative emotions, such as anger, sadness and fear, rather than expressing them, and it seems that laughter provides
a harmless way for the release of those emotions.
But there are also clear physical effects that have been monitored too. For example, laughter is good aerobic exercise — it speeds up heart rate and respiration, and raises blood pressure; one researcher suggests that 100 laughs a day is the equivalent of 10 minutes’ jogging.
Laughter also helps prevent the stress that so many people suffer from today, which results from the faster pace of life and all that goes with it. It does this
by reducing the levels of hormones in the blood which are caused by stress.
And, in addition, it is known to increase the levels of chemicals that protect the body from infection or pain and so it helps to
boost the immune system.
One interesting study showed that people who had had surgical operations asked for fewer painkillers if they’d been viewing comic films. In fact, research has even shown that the quality of dreams can be positively affected by laughter — a good laugh 10 minutes before going to sleep can
prevent you from having bad dreams and give a much more pleasant and restorative night’s sleep.
So there’s now little argument that finding things funny and enjoying a good laugh is extremely beneficial to us all. What we need to consider now are the ways in which laughter can be used as a treatment for people who...
选项
答案
instincts
解析
笑并不是由自身决定的,它不是一个自愿的行为,不像日常的说话。它是由我们的本能(instincts)控制的。录音原文的regulated“调控”是题目controlled"控制”的同义替换。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/ug8O777K
本试题收录于:
雅思听力题库雅思(IELTS)分类
0
雅思听力
雅思(IELTS)
相关试题推荐
Questions15-21ReadingPassage2hasnineparagraphsA-I.Fromthelistofheadingsbelowchoosethemostsuitableheadingfor
Questions27-30Foreachquestion,onlyONEofthechoicesiscorrect.Writethecorrespondingletterintheappropriateboxon
WhysomewomencrossthefinishlineaheadofmenRECRUITMENTThecourseistougherbutwomenarestayi
TheRisksofCigaretteSmokeDiscoveredintheearly1800sandnamednicotianine,theoilyessencenowcallednicotineisthem
ChoosetheappropriateletterA-Dandwriteitinbox27onyouranswersheet.Thewriterofthearticlefindstheexhibitionto
VOTESFORWOMENThesuffragettemovement,whichcampaignedforvotesforwomenintheearlytwentiethcentury,ismostcommonly
ClassifythefollowingideasasrelatingtoAtheLimitationsTheoryBtheCentralGovernorTheoryCboththeLimitationsTheory
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-13whicharebasedonReadingPassage1below.GoingNowhereFastTHISisludic
NarratorListentoapartofatalkreportingastudyproject.WhatdoestheprofessormeanbysayingthisΩ?
随机试题
社会主义和共产主义社会都存在的经济关系是
月经提前,量或多或少,色紫红有块,或少腹胀痛,或胸闷胁胀,乳房胀痛,或心烦易怒,或口苦咽干,舌红,苔薄黄,脉弦数。诊断为
对于易溶于水,在水溶液中不稳定的药物,可制成哪种类型注射剂( )。
在施工合同中,()是承包人的义务。
波长为λ的单色光垂直照射到置于空气中的玻璃劈尖上,玻璃的折射率为n,则第三级暗条纹处的玻璃厚度为:
国民经济评价的目标是()。
铁路简支梁主要采用()方法架设。
管道施工中,土方开挖至槽底标高后,应由施工和监理等单位共同验收地基。对松软地基及坑洞应由()提出处理意见。
计算机中访问速度最快的存储器是()。
InJanuarycommutersvotedBirminghamNewStreetoneofBritain’sworstrailwaystations.Eachdaynearly150,000peoplemoveth
最新回复
(
0
)