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  3. Territoriality is a critical factor in communication. Our tendency to own space is well-defined, is related to the organization

Territoriality is a critical factor in communication. Our tendency to own space is well-defined, is related to the organization

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问题     Territoriality is a critical factor in communication. Our tendency to own space is well-defined, is related to the organization hierarchy, and provides an advantage to whomever possesses the "turf". In a real sense, our territory provides us with a "home court advantage".
    The role of territoriality is critical whenever interactions occur between a manager and an employee. The manager should strive to use territoriality to benefit the interchange.
    If you are in a superior position and wish to fully retain this advantage, you should hold meetings in your office and use its space to project your authority. If you wish to appear less superior, however, you should move the meeting to neutral territory. For most managers, this would include any public area such as a hallway, a cafeteria, or a lounge.
    The importance of neutral territory usually is emphasized in collective bargaining proceedings. Neither labor nor management is usually willing to negotiate in the other’s domain. Instead, they find some neutral setting, such as a hotel.
    Space also has an effect on communication and territoriality. Edward T. Hall, in Hidden Dimension, points out that there must be congruency between the space people establish in communication and the content of the transaction. His study of personal space led him to conclude that there are four distinct zones in which most humans operate: 1)intimate distance, 2)personal distance, 3)social distance, and 4)public distance.
    The first zone, intimate distance, is generally very close, from six to twelve inches. At an intimate distance, you are overwhelmingly aware of the other person. Such closeness practically never happens in a business setting and when it does, it lasts for a short time. In fact, in our culture, this distance is almost always reserved for men and women who are on intimate terms. If intimacy does not exist the closeness can be embarrassing.
    The second zone of territory is personal distance. The distance is usually from 12 to 18 inches and includes personal conversations with colleagues and friends where information is being exchanged that is not to be overheard.
    Social distance is a space of about 18 to 36 inches. This is generally the distance in which we transact our personal business, job interviews, and conversations at desks or water coolers. Almost all business relationships occur in this zone. At this distance we are more likely to utilize social rituals such as shaking hands, opening doors, and the more careful forms of address. In this arena, we see our interactions as part of a larger social or economic interchange.
    Finally, there is public distance. Usually in excess of three feet, this is the distance we maintain for public interactions with one another. Large briefings are the most likely example of this use of space by the manager.
Questions:
The distance a manager should maintain at large briefings is______.
选项 A、less than 3 feet
B、exact 3 feet
C、more than 3 feet
D、about 3 inches
答案C
解析
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