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  3. As a medium of exchange, money permits the separation of exchange into the two distinct acts of buying and selling, without requ

As a medium of exchange, money permits the separation of exchange into the two distinct acts of buying and selling, without requ

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问题     As a medium of exchange, money permits the separation of exchange into the two distinct acts of buying and selling, without requiring the seller to purchase goods from the person who buys his products, or vice versa. Hence producers who know they will be paid in money, can concentrate on finding the most suitable outlet (销路) for their goods, while buyers who will pay in money, can concentrate on finding cheapest market for the things they wish to purchase. Specialization, which is vital to an advanced economy, is encouraged, because people whose output is not a complete product but only a part of one in which many others are involved can be paid an amount equivalent (等价物,等值物) to their share of the product.
    Another advantage of money is that it is a measure of value—that is, it serves as a unit in terms of which the relative values of different products can be expressed. In a barter economy it would be necessary to determine how many plates were worth one hundred weight of cotton, or how many pens should be exchanged for a ton of coal, which would be a difficult and time-consuming task. The process of establishing relative values would have to be undertaken for every act of exchange, according to what products were being offered against one another, and according to the two parties’ desires and preferences. If I am trying to barter fish for bananas, for example, a lot would depend on whether the person willing to exchange bananas is or is not keen on fish.
    Thirdly, money acts as a store of wealth. It is difficult to imagine saving under a barter system. No one engaged in only one stage in the manufacture of a product could save part of his output, since he would be producing nothing complete. Even when a person actually produced a complete product the difficulties would be overwhelming. Most products deteriorate fairly rapidly, either physically or in value, as a result of long storage; even if storage were possible, the practice of storing products for years on would involve obvious disadvantages—imagine a coal-miner attempting to save enough coal, which of course is his product, to keep him for life. If wealth could not be saved, or only with great difficulty, future needs could not be provided for, or capital accumulated to raise productivity.  
If one had to save products instead of money, ______.
选项 A、this would need years of practice
B、coal, for example, would lose its value
C、they could not be stored for years on end
D、many products would lose their value
答案D
解析 本题问如果一个人必须贮藏货物而不是货币，将会怎样。文章第三段指出，货币的第三个作用是它还可作为财富的贮藏手段。很难想象在易货贸易机制下贮藏财富是什么样子。只参与生产产品某一阶段的生产者中没人能把自己的产品存储起来，因为他生产的产品不是成品。即使生产的是成品，存储成品的困难也是相当大的。大部分成品长期存储的话很快就变坏了或贬值了。即使能长期存储，将产品存上好几年也会带来各种显而易见的弊病。因此，本题的正确答案应是D“许多产品会失去其价值”。
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