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  3. The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessi

The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessi

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问题     The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical manellvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed "intuition" to manage a network of correlated problems and to integrate action into the process of thinking.
    One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that "thinking" is inseparable from acting. Managers often "know" what is right before they can analyze and explain it. So they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is tied to action in thinking/acting cycles. In the cycles, managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a difficult situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.
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答案 大多数成功的高级管理人员不会严格遵循传统的理性模式，即：先明确目标、评估问题、形成选择、估计成功的可能性、做出决策，然后才采取行动执行决策。相反，这些人在日常的战略决策中，依靠的是定义模糊的“直觉”来处理大量的相关问题以及使行动与思考过程融为一体。 行政管理上的直觉风格的其中一个含义是“思考”不能与行动分开。因为管理者们通常在能做出分析和解释之前就 “知道”某事是对的，所以他们通常会先行动，后解释。在思考/彳亍动的循环中，分析与行动是紧密相连的。在这个循环中，管理者们不是通过先分析后行动的方式来形成关于公司或机构的思路，而是通过行动与分析密切结合的方式。
解析     1. 首段首句是个枝繁叶茂的语法意义上的简单句，其主干部分为The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow…model。翻译该句的难点主要在于follow的宾语model包含多个修饰成分，其中包括前置定语classical rational以及后置长定语of first clarifying goals…to implement the decision。翻译时，如将model的众多修饰语全部处理成定语，译作“传统的理性的、先明确目标、评估问题、形成选择、估计成功的可能性、做出决策，然后才采取行动执行决策的模式”，会导致译文冗长拖沓且语义表达不清。为使译文简洁明了，可考虑将后置长定语of first clarifying goals…to implement the decision处理为对model的补充说明，译作“即：先明确目标……，然后才采取行动执行决策”，全句可译作“大多数成功的高级管理人员不会严格遵循传统的理性模式，即：先明确目标、评估问题、形成选择、估计成功的可能性、做出决策，然后才采取行动执行决策”。
    2. 首段末句中，manage a network of correlated problems中的a network of本意为“……的网络”，根据语境，此处可处理成“大量的”，修饰correlated problems“相关问题”。integrate action into the process of thinking中，integrate into的意思是“融入”，该短语可直译为“使行动融入到思考过程”。
    3. 第二段的第二、第三句是两个包含因果关系的独立短句，其中前者是因后者为果。翻译时，如根据原文将其处理成两个独立的句子，分别译作“管理者们通常在能做出分析和解释之前就‘知道’某事是对的”和“所以他们通常会先行动，后解释”。也可达意。但如用关联词语将这两句合译为一句，处理成“因为管理者们……，所以他们通常会先行动，后解释”，会更符合中文的表达习惯。
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