首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
PAPER RECYCLING A Paper is different from other waste produce because it comes from a sustainable resource: trees. Unlike the mi
PAPER RECYCLING A Paper is different from other waste produce because it comes from a sustainable resource: trees. Unlike the mi
admin
2013-11-25
56
问题
PAPER RECYCLING
A Paper is different from other waste produce because it comes from a sustainable resource: trees. Unlike the minerals and oil used to make plastics and metals, trees are replaceable. Paper is also biodegradable, so it does not pose as much threat to the environment when it is discarded. While 45 out of every 100 tonnes of wood fibre used to make paper in Australia comes from waste paper, the rest comes directly from virgin fibre from forests and plantations. By world standards this is a good performance since the world-wide average is 33 percent waste paper. Governments have encouraged waste paper collection and sorting schemes and at the same time, the paper industry has responded by developing new recycling technologies that have paved the way for even greater u-tilisation of used fibre. As a result, industry’s use of recycled fibres is expected to increase at twice the rate of virgin fibre over the coming years.
B Already, waste paper constitutes 70% of paper used for packaging and advances in the technology required to remove ink from the paper have allowed a higher recycled content in newsprint and writing paper. To achieve the benefits of recycling, the community must also contribute. We need to accept a change in the quality of paper products; for example stationery may be less white and of a rougher texture. There also needs to be support from the community for waste paper collection programs. Not only do we need to make the paper available to collectors but it also needs to be separated into different types and sorted from contaminants such as staples, paperclips, string and other miscellaneous items.
C There are technical limitations to the amount of paper which can be recycled and some paper products cannot be collected for re-use. These include paper in the form of books and permanent records, photographic paper and paper which is badly contaminated. The four most common sources of paper for recycling are factories and retail stores which gather large amounts of packaging material in which goods are delivered , also offices which have unwanted business documents and computer output, paper converters and printers and lastly households which discard newspapers and packaging material. The paper manufacturer pays a price for the paper and may also incur the collecttion cost.
D Once collected, the paper has to be sorted by hand by people trained to recognise various types of paper. This is necessary because some types of paper can only be made from particular kinds of recycled fibre. The sorted paper then has to be repulped or mixed with water and broken down into its individual fibres. This mixture is called stock and may contain a wide variety of contaminating materials, particularly if it is made from mixed waste paper which has had little sorting. Various machinery is used to remove other materials from the stock. After passing through the repulping process, the fibres from printed waste paper are grey in colour because the printing ink has soaked into the individual fibres. This recycled material can only be used in products where the grey colour does not matter, such as cardboard boxes but if the grey colour is not acceptable, the fibres must be de-inked. This involves adding chemicals such as caustic soda or other alkalis, soaps and detergents, water-hardening agents such as calcium chloride, frothing agents and bleaching agents. Before the recycled fibres can be made into paper they must be refined or treated in such a way that they bond together.
E Most paper products must contain some virgin fibre as well as recycled fibres and unlike glass, paper cannot be recycled indefinitely. Most paper is down-cycled which means that a product made from recycled paper is of an inferior quality to the original paper. Recycling paper is beneficial in that it saves some of the energy, labour and capital that goes into producing virgin pulp. However, recycling requires the use of fossil fuel, a non-renewable energy source, to collect the waste paper from the community and to process it to produce new paper. And the recycling process still creates e-missions which require treatment before they can be disposed of safely. Nevertheless, paper recycling is an important economical and environmental practice but one which must be carried out in a rational and viable manner for it to be useful to both industry and the com-muntity.
Questions 30 - 36
Complete the summary below of the first two paragraphs of the Reading Passage. Choose ONE OR TWO WORDS from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 30 — 36 on your answer sheet.
SUMMARY
Example
From the point of view of recycling, paper has two advantages over minerals and
oil
in that firstly it comes from a resource which is【R30】______ .and secondly it is less threatening to our environment when we throw it away because it is【R31】______ .Although Australia’s record in there-use of waste paper is good, it is still necessary to use a combination of recycled fibre and【R32】______ .to make new paper. The paper industry has contributed positively and people have also been encouraged by【R33】______ .to collect their waste on a regular basis. One major difficulty is the removal of ink from used paper but【R34】______ .are being made in this area. However, we need to learn to accept paper which is generally of a lower【R35】______ than before and to sort our waste paper by removing【R36】______ .before discarding it for collection.
【R33】
选项
答案
governments //the government
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/unNO777K
本试题收录于:
雅思阅读题库雅思(IELTS)分类
0
雅思阅读
雅思(IELTS)
相关试题推荐
EachofQuestions1to7presentstwoquantities.QuantityAandQuantityB.Comparethetwoquantities.Youmayuseadditional
Somequestionsgiveyoutwoquantities,QuantityAandQuantityB.Comparethetwoquantitiesandchooseoneofthefollowingan
Ifxispositiveandyistwogreaterthanthesquareofx,whichofthefollowingexpressesxintermsofy?
ABeforemakingthecomparisoninthisproblem,youneedtoanalyzetheinformationgiventoseewhatittellsyouaboutthevalu
Therangeoftheheightsofthefemalestudentsinacertainclassis13.2inches,andtherangeoftheheightsofthemalestud
ForeachofQuestions1to9,compareQuantityAandQuantityB,usingadditionalinformationcenteredabovethetwoquantities
Thedistributionofthenumbersofhoursthatstudentsatacertaincollegestudiedforfinalexamshasameanof12hoursanda
Aconstructioncompanywillproduceidenticalmetalsupportsintheshapeofarighttrianglewithlegsoflength3feetand4f
APPROPRIATE:
ThepolarlightsknownasaurorasareproducedwhenchargedsubatomicLineparticles,suchasprotonsandelectronsflowingfro
随机试题
金属化合物的一般特点是()。
关于老年性阴道炎的临床表现,下列说法错误的是
自身免疫性溶血性贫血最重要的诊断方法是()。
生产经营单位与从业人员订立协议,免除或者减轻其对从业人员因安全事故伤亡依法应承担的责任的,();对生产经营单位的主要负责人、个人经营的投资人处2万元以上10万元以下的罚款。
某桥梁工地的简支板梁架设,由专业架梁分包队伍架设。该分包队伍用2台50t履带吊,以双机抬的吊装方式架设板梁。在架设某跨板梁时,突然一台履带吊倾斜,板梁砸向另一台履带吊驾驶室,将一名吊车驾驶员当场砸死,另有一人受重伤。事故发生后,项目经理立即组织人员抢救伤员
将配置好的料液倒人异型管件外型设置的模具内,其绝热施工方法的是()。
下列说法与“少小离家老大回,乡音未改鬓毛衰”所蕴含的哲学寓意相同的是()。
()的教育思想是当今教育界普遍认同的一种教育思想,它的核心在于对人性的充分肯定,对人的智慧、潜能的信任,对自由、民主的向往和追求。
Itissaidthatmorethanoneorganization_______inthiswell-knowncriminalcase.
A、Hegoestoexerciseclasses.B、Hegoessailing.C、Hegoestothecinema.D、Hestaysathome.D
最新回复
(
0
)