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  3. Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency crimes committed by young people focus either on the individual or o

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency crimes committed by young people focus either on the individual or o

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问题       Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency crimes committed by young people focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories  【21】______   on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior  【22】______   they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through  【23】______   with others. Theories focusing on the role of society that children commit crimes in  【24】______   to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status  【25】______   as a rejection of middle-class values.
       Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families,
【26】______   the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes  【27】______   lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are  【28】______   to criticism.
      Changes in the social structure may indirectly  【29】______   juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that  【30】______   to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment  【31】______   make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in  【32】______   lead more youths into criminal behavior.
      Families have also  【33】______   changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents;  【34】______   , children are likely to have less supervision at home  【35】______   was common in the traditional family  【36】______   . This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence  on juvenile crime rates. Other  【37】______   causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased  【38】______   of drugs and alcohol, and the growing  【39】______   of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a ’criminal act,  【40】______   a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.
【29】
选项 A、affect
B、reduce
C、chock
D、reflect
答案A
解析 affect影响。本句意为“社会结构的变革可能直接影响青少年犯罪率。”
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