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  3. The Martian moon Phobos may have been blasted off its mother planet by a violent impact, or built from fragments of a much large

The Martian moon Phobos may have been blasted off its mother planet by a violent impact, or built from fragments of a much large

admin2013-07-02  28
问题     The Martian moon Phobos may have been blasted off its mother planet by a violent impact, or built from fragments of a much larger moon that was destroyed long ago, according to observations from Europe’s Mars Express spacecraft.

    If confirmed, the result would overturn the prevailing theory that Phobos was once a wandering asteroid(小行星)that got captured by Mars. That theory was based on the fact that visible light reflected off the moon closely matches the spectrum of a common type of carbon-rich asteroid. "For the last 30 years, the scientific community has supported this scenario, " says Marco Giuranna of the National Institute of Astrophysics in Rome, Italy.
    Now, data from the Planetary Fourier Spectrometer on Mars Express reveals that the spectrum of far infrared(红外线的)radiation from Phobos instead resembles that of silicate minerals found on the Red Planet. "The composition is closely related to Mars, " says Giuranna, who helped analyse the data.
    That suggests Phobos may have coalesced(合并)from chunks of the Martian crust that were thrown into orbit after a large object struck Mars — a similar process probably created Earth’s moon.
    Alternatively, Mars may once have had a much larger moon that formed locally out of the same ingredients, and therefore had a similar composition to the Red Planet. If the large moon moved too close to Mars, gravitational forces would have torn it apart, leaving behind a little debris that then came together to form Phobos.
    These debris-coalescence scenarios fit new observations from the Radio Science Experiment on Mars Express, which has been used to measure the motion of the spacecraft as it passes Phobos. Small changes in trajectory(轨道)reveal the strength of Phobos’s gravity, which can be used to work out the moon’s density.
    Phobos turns out to have a density of only 1860 kilograms per cubic metre, which is barely half that of the silicate minerals present. The simplest explanation is that the moon is riddled(打洞)with holes, which fits the reassembly idea. Larger rocks would gather together first, followed by layers of increasingly fine material.
    But Pascal Lee of the Mars Institute in Moffett Field, California, says it may be too soon to rule out a capture scenario, since some of the silicate minerals observed by Mars Express are also seen on carbon-rich asteroids. "The data seem exciting, but from what I have seen, they may still be consistent with Phobos being a captured asteroid, " he told New Scientist.
    He adds that a captured asteroid could also explain Phobos’s low density, if it was broken apart by a large impact and later reassembled from the resulting debris.
    Russia’s upcoming Phobos-Grunt mission could help pin down Phobos’s origin more firmly when it returns samples of the moon to Earth.
What observation has produced two new theories about Photos’ formation?
选项 A、Visible light from Phobos closely matches the common carbon-rich asteroid’s spectrum.
B、The spectrum of far infrared radiation from Phobos resembles that of Mars.
C、There are indications that Mars had been struck by a large object.
D、The composition of Phobos is exactly the same with that of Mars.
答案B
解析 事实细节题。第三段提到现在的发现是福伯斯反射的远红外辐射光谱和在火星上发现的硅酸盐矿物的很像，接下来的两段说明了这一发现导致了两种新的可能，故[B]正确。第二段提到福伯斯反射的可见光和一种常见富碳小行星的光谱非常吻合，这是原来的理论依据，故[A]项错误。原文没有提到发现火星曾经被巨物撞击引发了人们对福伯斯形成的新思考，故[C]项错误。Gi—uranna提到福伯斯的组成成分与火星有密切的联系，但不是说两者的组成成分完全相同，故[D]项错误。
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