首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Definitions of Obesity A)How does one define when a person is considered to be obese and not just somewhat overweight? Height-we
Definitions of Obesity A)How does one define when a person is considered to be obese and not just somewhat overweight? Height-we
admin
2017-02-24
28
问题
Definitions of Obesity
A)How does one define when a person is considered to be obese and not just somewhat overweight? Height-weight tables give an approximate guideline as to whether one is simply overweight or has passed into the obese stage.
B)The World Health Organization recommends using a formula that takes into account a person’s height and weight. The "Body Mass Index"(BMI)is calculated by dividing the person’ s weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters, and is thus given in units of kg/m2. A BMI of 18.5-24.9 is considered to be the healthiest. A BMI of between 25 and 29.9 is considered to be overweight, while a BMI of over 30 is considered to be obese.
C)However, it is recognized that this definition is limited as it does not take into account such variables as age, gender and ethnic origin, the latter being important as different ethnic groups have very different fat distributions. Another shortcoming is that it is not applicable to certain very muscular people such as athletes and bodybuilders, who can also have artificially high BMIs. Agencies such as the National Cholesterol Education Program(NCEP)in the USA and the International Diabetes Foundation(IDF)are starting to define obesity in adults simply in terms of waist circumference.
Health Effects of Obesity
D)Over 2000 years ago, the Greek physician Hippocrates wrote that "persons who are naturally very fat are apt to die earlier than those who are slender". This observation remains very true today. Obesity has a major impact on a person’s physical, social and emotional well-being. It increases the risk of developing diabetes mellitus type 2("mature onset diabetes")and also makes Type 2 diabetes more difficult to control. Thus weight loss improves the levels of blood glucose and blood fats, and reduces blood pressure. The association between obesity and coronary heart disease is also well-known.
Cancer
E)Furthermore, in 2001 medical researchers established a link between being overweight and certain forms of cancer, and estimated that nearly 10,000 Britons per year develop cancer as a result of being overweight. This figure was made up of 5,893 women and 3,220 men, with the strongest associations being with breast and colon cancers. However, it is thought that being overweight may also increase the risk of cancer in the reproductive organs for women and in the prostate gland for men.
F)The link between breast cancer and nutritional status is thought to be due to the steroid hormones, oestrogen and progesterone, which are produced by the ovaries, and govern a woman’s menstrual cycle. Researchers have found that the more a woman eats, or the more sedentary her lifestyle, the higher are the concentrations of progesterone. This link could explain why women from less affluent countries have lower rates of breast cancer. Women from less affluent nations tend to eat less food and to lead lifestyles which involve more daily movement. This lowers their progesterone level, resulting in lower predisposition to breast cancer.
G)The Times newspaper, in 2002 reported that obesity was the main avoidable cause of cancer among non-smokers in the Western world!
Aging
H)Research published by St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK in 2005 showed a correlation between body fat and aging, to the extent that being obese added 8.8 years to a woman’ s biological age. The effect was exacerbated by smoking, and a non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years added 7.4 years to their biological age. The combination of being obese and a smoker added at least ten years to a woman’s biological age, and although the study only involved women, the lead researcher Professor Tim Spector believes the finding would also apply to men.
I)The aging effect was determined by measuring the length of telomeres, tiny "caps" on the ends of chromosomes, which help protect the DNA from the ageing process. Indeed, telomeres have been dubbed the "chromosomal clock" because, as an organism ages, they become progressively shorter, and can be used to determine the age of the organism. Beyond a certain point, the telomere becomes so short that it is no longer able to prevent the DNA of the chromosome from falling apart. It is believed that excess body fat and the chemicals present in tobacco smoke release free radicals which trigger inflammation. Inflammation causes the production of white blood cells which increases the rate of erosion of telomeres.
Dementia
J)Recent research(2005)conducted in the USA shows that obesity in middle age is linked to an increased risk of dementia, with obese people in their 40s being 74% more likely to develop dementia compared to those of normal weight. For those who are merely overweight, the lifetime risk of dementia risk was 35% higher.
K)Scientists from the Aging Research Centre at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden have been able to take information such as age, number of years in education, gender, body mass index, blood pressure level, physical activity and genetic factors, assigning each a risk score. They then used this information to devise a predictive test for dementia. This test will enable people at risk, for the first time, to be able to affect lifestyle changes which will reduce their risk of contracting dementia.
Other Problems
L)The world-wide upsurge in obesity, particularly in children, is of major economic concern, liable to drain economies. Of further concern is that research conducted in Australia and published in 2006, shows that up to one third of breech pregnancies were undetected by the traditional "palpation" examination, the danger being greatest for those women who are overweight or obese—a growing proportion of mothers. This means that such women are not getting the treatment required to turn the baby around in time for the birth, and in many cases require an emergency cae-sarean section.
M)This is a true health-care crisis, far bigger than Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS)and ultimately, even bigger than AIDS.
Women from less affluent nations tend to have much less breast cancer.
选项
答案
F
解析
信息明示题。题干:来自不太富裕国家的女性遭受乳腺癌的概率要低。题干关键词less affluent nations和less breast cancer。文中F段倒数第三句提到,这种联系可以解释为什么来自不太富裕国家的女性乳腺癌的患病率低。与题干意思吻合,故选F。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/uxi7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
Mostpeoplethinksuccessisagoal.Idonot.Iseesuccessasaprocess.Mostpeople【B1】______successonlyintermsofmoney.
Mostpeoplethinksuccessisagoal.Idonot.Iseesuccessasaprocess.Mostpeople【B1】______successonlyintermsofmoney.
Accordingtoahandfulofstudies,anamenotonlyrevealscluesaboutaperson’sclass,educationandethnicorigin,itcanalso
A、Employerandemployee.B、Co-workers.C、Husbandandwife.D、Businesspartners.B工作商务类。事实细节题。男士抱怨他无法在这么短的时间内完成这么多的工作;女士说她也在相同的时间
A、Sheadmiresthatthemanwillretireearlierthanher.B、Themanshouldn’trelyonthesecuritypayments.C、Sheissixyearsy
A、Receptionistandcustomer.B、Attendantandpassenger.C、Husbandandwife.D、Guideandtourist.C根据关键词anniversary“周年纪念”和honeymo
Whencouplesgetmarried,theyusuallyplantohavechildren.Sometimeshowever,acouplecannothaveachildoftheirown.Int
A、Hisfather.B、Hismother.C、Hisbrother.D、Hissister.D此题关键是信息对应,在听录音的同时做记录(shirt一father,books一sister,probablyjewels—moth—er
Somepeopleborrowmoneyand"forget"topayitback.Largeloansareseldomtheissue:theyareusuallytreatedasbusiness
随机试题
Itisquitenecessaryfora(n)______teachertohavegoodmannersandextensiveknowledge.
人民法院按到甲公司诉前财产保全的申请后,应当在多少小时内审查?()
某省跨海大桥项目,在招标文件中明确规定提交投标文件截止时间为2009年3月8日上午8时30分,开标地点为建设单位十一楼大会议室。有甲、乙、丙、丁、戊五家单位参与投标,根据招标投标法的有关规定,下列说法正确的是()。
期货公司借人次级债务的,可以按照规定计入净资本,并在相关事项完成后()个工作日内向住所地中国证监会派出机构报告。
《招股意向书》是缺少发行价格和数量的《招股说明书》。()
员工普遍认同并自觉遵循的一系列理念和行为方式的总和,就是企业文化。()
你认为刑事赔偿工作的难点在哪里?有什么办法来解决?
每个人的生命只有一次,即使在人生的道路上,事业、前途、爱情、家庭都如泡沫一样破灭了,也不必悲观,不要绝望。要知道,生存本身就是一种资本,一种幸运。一种对不公命运勇敢的挑战。感谢生命,赋予我像杨絮一样纯洁而质朴,异常珍贵而不懈追求的存在。作者要表达的观点是
以下项目的招投标过程中,(42)的做法是正确的。
A、$615.B、$450.C、$1,150.D、$4,000.C①选项都是价钱,可知本题问某个东西的价钱,注意记录相关信息。②根据男士所说,该音响系统(stereosystem)的价钱是C项$1,150。A项$615是公寓每月的租金,B项$45
最新回复
(
0
)