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  3. Resources can be said to be scarce in both an absolute and relative sense: the surface of the Earth is finite, imposing absolute

Resources can be said to be scarce in both an absolute and relative sense: the surface of the Earth is finite, imposing absolute

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问题     Resources can be said to be scarce in both an absolute and relative sense: the surface of the Earth is finite, imposing absolute scarcity; but the scarcity that concerns economists is the relative scarcity of resources in different uses. Materials used for one purpose cannot at the same time be used for other purposes; if the quantity of an input is limited, the increased use of it in one manufacturing process must cause it to become
less available for other uses.
    The cost of a product in terms of money may not measure its true cost to society. The true cost of, say, the construction of a supersonic jet is the value of the schools and refrigerators that will never be built as a result. Every act of production uses up some of society’s available resources; it means the foregoing of an opportunity to produce something else. In deciding how to use resources most effectively to satisfy the wants of the community, this opportunity cost must ultimately be taken into account.
    In a market economy the price of a good and the quantity supplied depend on the cost of making it, and that cost, ultimately, is the cost of not making other goods. The market mechanism enforces this relationship. The cost of, say, a pair of shoes is the price of the leather, the labor, the fuel, and other elements used up in producing them. But the price of these inputs, in turn, depends on what they can produce elsewhere--if the leather can be used to produce handbags that are valued highly by consumers, the prices of leather will be bid up correspondingly.
Which of the following examples BEST reflects a cost to society as defined in the passage?
选项 A、A family buying a dog.
B、Eating in a restaurant instead of at home.
C、Using land for a house instead of a park.
D、Staying at home instead of going to school.
答案C
解析 推断题。文主要阐述了经济学里面的一个重要概念——“机会成本”，是讲商品生产和社会资源之间的关系。A、B、D均未涉及到生产领域，只有C符合本文的主旨。
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