首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
The English word "empathy" came into being only about a century ago as a translation for the Ger-man psychological term Einfuhlu
The English word "empathy" came into being only about a century ago as a translation for the Ger-man psychological term Einfuhlu
admin
2023-02-22
38
问题
The English word "empathy" came into being only about a century ago as a translation for the Ger-man psychological term Einfuhlung, literally meaning "feeling-in." English-speaking psychologists suggested a handful of other translations for the word, including "animation," "play," "aesthetic sympathy," and "semblance." But in 1908 two psychologists from Cornell and the University of Cambridge suggested "empathy" for Einfuhlung, drawing on the Greek "em" for "in" and "pathos" for "feeling," and it stuck.
【B6】_____________________
Some of the earliest psychology experiments on empathy focused on "kinaesthetic empathy," a bodily feeling or movement that produced a sense of merging with an object. One subject imagining a bunch of grapes felt "a cool, juicy feeling all over." The arts critics of the 1920s claimed that with empathy, audience members could feel as if they were carrying out the abstract movements of new modern dance.
By mid-century, empathy’s definition began to shift as some psychologists turned their attention to
the science of social relations.【B7】__________________In the process, she deliberately rejected empathy’s early meaning of imaginative projection, and instead emphasized interpersonal connection as the core of the concept.
In the flurry of experimental studies of empathy that followed, psychologists began to differentiate "true" empathy, denned as the accurate appraisal of another’s thoughts or feelings, from what they called "projection."【B8】_____________
In the past few decades, interest in empathy has spread beyond psychology to primatology and neuroscience.【B9】___________________Other recent studies have further widened empathy’s reach into fields like eco-nomics and literature, finding that wealth disparities weaken empathic response and that reading fiction can improve it.
But there is still some cultural debate about what empathy means today. And in the psychology community, the answers are no more clear-cut.【B10】_______________The social psychologist C. Daniel Batson, who has researched empathy for decades, argues that the term can now refer to eight different concepts: knowing another’s thoughts and feelings; imagining another’s thoughts and feelings; adopting the posture of another; actually feeling as another does; imagining how one would feel or think in another’s place; feeling distress at another’s suffering; feeling for another’s suffering, sometimes called pity or com-passion; and projecting oneself into another’s situation.
[A] In 1948, the experimental psychologist Rosalind Dymond Cartwright, in collaboration with her sociologist mentor, Leonard Cottrell, conducted some of the first tests measuring interpersonal empathy.
[B] In 1955, Reader’s Digest defined the term, which was new to the public outside of academia, as the "ability to appreciate the other person’s feelings without yourself becoming so emotionally involved that your judgment is affected."
[C] But the psychologist Paul Bloom has argued that a sense of empathy can actually be "parochial and bigoted," making it so "the whole world cares more about a little girl stuck in a well than they do about the possible deaths of millions and millions due to climate change."
[D] Psychological studies find that empathy can reduce stereotypical thinking although sometimes empathy as emotion-sharing draws too much attention to an individual, standing in the way of effective social change.
[E] At the time the term was coined, empathy was not primarily a means to feel another person’s emotion, but the very opposite: To have empathy, in the early 1900s, was to enliven an object, or to project one’s own imagined feelings onto the world.
[F] In the 1990s, scientists studying monkeys discovered mirror neurons, cells in the animals’ brains that fired not only when a monkey moved, but also when the monkey saw another one make the same movement. The discovery of mirror neurons spurred a wave of research into empathy and brain activity that quickly extended to humans as well.
[G] Critics of the mirror-neuron theory, for example, question not only the location of these neurons in the human brain, but whether simulation of another’s gestures is a good description of empathy in the first place.
【B6】
选项
答案
E
解析
空格前后谈论的都是empathy这个词早期发展的一些状况,故空格处的内容也应该与此相关。E提到empathy最初被创造时的含义,符合上下文时间语境。E谈到的同理心最初的含义与空格后的动觉同理心的定义相近。空格后的Some of me earliest…empathy focused on说明,动觉同理心的定义是E关于早期同理心的定义的例证说明。空格后关于葡萄和现代舞的例子都可以体现E中empathy的含义:enliven an object、project…imagined feelings onto the world。故本题选E。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/v4MD777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Leadingdoctorstodayweighinonthedebateoverthegovernment’sroleinpromotingpublichealthbydemandingthatministersi
[A]Enteringinternationalmarkets[B]Satisfyingglobalcustomers[C]Loweringpricesbymanufacturingoverseas[D]
TheInternetaffordsanonymitytoitsusers,ablessingtoprivacyandfreedomofspeech.Butthatveryanonymityisalsobehind
HowdoyouexplaineconomicsinplainEnglish?TheFederalReserveBankofNewYorkhasbeenansweringthequestionwithaneven
Inthelate18thcentury,WilliamWordsworthbecamefamousforhispoemsaboutnature.Andhewasoneofthefoundersofamovem
Abouthalfofallmedicalpatientsgetadrug,inanygivenyear,thatcouldinteractwiththeirgenesandcauseserioussideef
Somedoctorsaretakinganunusualnewapproachtocommunicatebetterwithpatients—theyareletting【C1】________readthenotest
随机试题
吸收塔的吸收速率随着温度的提高而增大。()
A、细胞核的残余物B、色素沉着C、脂蛋白变性的结果D、Hb聚集E、染色质RNA卡波环现被认为
患者,女,63岁。戴全口义齿8年,诉下颌义齿固位差,咀嚼功能不良,要求“能戴稳义齿,能吃东西”,临床检查:上下颌为无牙颌,上牙槽嵴高度尚可,下牙槽嵴低平,人工面不均匀磨耗,面下1/3高度降低。该患者应选择的最理想的修复方法是
关于财务会计报告的说法,错误的是()。
李思训父子的山水画是典型的()
给定资料1.“豆,盛放腌菜、肉酱等调味品的器皿。”“簠,祭祀祖先或宴请宾客时盛放黍、稷、稻、粱等饭食的器皿。”在安徽省博物馆青铜精品展厅展柜前,马女士与10岁的儿子小杰正在聚精会神地阅读、抄写展品介绍。2012年5月3日上午11点,马女士母子已经用
对计录型信号量S执行V操作后,下列选项中错误的是()。Ⅰ.当S.value≤0时,唤醒一个阻塞队列进程Ⅱ.只有当S.value<0时,唤醒一个阻塞队列进程Ⅲ.当S.value<=0时,唤醒一个就绪队列进程Ⅳ.
(2010下项管)某集成企业把部分集成项目分包出去,准备采用竞争性谈判方式。以下叙述不正确的是______。
ElNinoWhilesomeforecastingmethodshadlimitedsuccesspredictingthe1997ElNinoafewmonthsinadvance,theColumbia
A、Thehouse-sitterwouldbefiredatonce.B、Thehouse-sitterwouldn’tbepaidthen.C、Thehouse-sitterwouldn’tgetanotherjob
最新回复
(
0
)