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  3. As the merchant class expanded in the eighteenth-century North American colonies, the silversmith and the coppersmith businesses

As the merchant class expanded in the eighteenth-century North American colonies, the silversmith and the coppersmith businesses

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问题     As the merchant class expanded in the eighteenth-century North American colonies, the silversmith and the coppersmith businesses rose to serve it. Only a few silversmiths were available in New York or Boston in the late seventeenth century, but in the eighteenth-century they could be found in all major colonial cities. No other colonial artisans rivaled the silversmiths’ prestige. They handled the most expensive material and passed direct connections to prosperous colonial merchants. Their products, primarily silver plates and bowls, reflected their exalted status and testified to their customers’ prominence.
    Silver stood as one of the surest ways to store wealth at a time before neighborhood banks existed. Unlike the silver coins from which they were made, silver articles were readily identifiable. Often formed to individual specifications, they always carried the silversmith’s distinctive markings and consequently could be traced and retrieved.
    Customers generally secured the silver for the silver objects they ordered. They saved coins, took them to smiths, and discussed the type of pieces they desired. Silversmiths complied with these requests by melting the money in a small furnace, adding a bit of copper to form a stronger alloy, and casting the alloy in rectangular blocks. They hammered these ingots to the appropriate thickness by hand, shaped them, and pressed designs into them for adornment. Engraving was also done by hand. In addition to plates and bowls, some customers sought more intricate products, such as silver teapots. These were made by shaping or casting pans separately and then soldering them together.
    Colonial coppersmithing also came of age in the early eighteenth century and prospered in northern cities. Copper’s ability to conduct heat efficiently and to resist corrosion contributed to its attractiveness. But because it was expensive in colonial America, coppersmiths were never very numerous. Virtually all copper worked by smiths was imported as sheets or obtained by recycling old copper goods. Copper was used for practical items, but it was not admired for its beauty. Coppersmiths employed it to fashion pots and kettles for the home. They shaped it in much the same manner as silver or melted it in a foundry with lead or tin. They also mixed it with zinc to make brass for maritime and scientific instruments.
选项 A、A decrease in the cost of silver.
B、The invention of heat efficient furnaces.
C、The growing economic prosperity of colonial merchants.
D、The development of new tools used to shape silver.
答案C
解析 本题考查抓住关键语句，据此作选择的能力。文章的第一句话就是关键，从中可得出答案。"As the merchant class expanded in the eighteenth-century North American colonies，the silversmith and the coppersmith businesses rose to serve it"。从这句话，我们可推判出对银匠影响最大的发展是商人阶层的日益庞大。
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