首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
If there is any endeavor whose fruits should be freely available, that endeavor is surely publicly financed science. Morally, ta
If there is any endeavor whose fruits should be freely available, that endeavor is surely publicly financed science. Morally, ta
admin
2019-09-23
70
问题
If there is any endeavor whose fruits should be freely available, that endeavor is surely publicly financed science. Morally, taxpayers who wish to should be able to read about it without further expense. And science advances through cross-fertilization between projects. Barriers to that exchange slow it down.
There is a widespread feeling that the journal publishers who have mediated this exchange for the past century or more are becoming an impediment to it. One of the latest converts is the British government. Recently it announced that, the results of taxpayer-financed research would be available, free and online, for anyone to read and redistribute.
Britain’s government is not alone. Soon the European Union followed suit. In the U.S., the National Institutes of Health (NIH, the single biggest source of civilian research funds in the world) has required open-access publishing since 2008. And the Wellcome Trust, a British foundation that is the world’s second-biggest charitable source of scientific money, after the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, also insists that those who receive its support should make their work available free.
Criticism of journal publishers usually boils down to two things. One is that their processes take months, when the Internet could enable them to take days. The other is that because each paper is like a mini-monopoly, which workers in the field have to read if they are to advance their own research, there is no incentive to keep the price down. The publishers thus have scientists — or, more accurately, their universities, which pay the subscriptions — in an armlock. That, combined with the fact that the raw material (manuscripts of papers) is free, leads to generous returns. In 2011, Elsevier, a large Dutch publisher, made a profit of £768 million on revenues of £2.06 billion — a margin of 37 percent. Indeed, Elsevier’s profits are thought so
egregious
by many people that 12,000 researchers have signed up to boycott the company’s journals.
Publishers do provide a service. They organize peer reviews, in which papers are criticized anonymously by experts (though those experts, like the authors of papers, are seldom paid for what they do). They also sort the scientific sheep from the goats, by deciding what gets published, and where. That gives the publishers huge power. Since researchers, administrators and grant-awarding bodies all take note of which work has got through this filtering mechanism, the competition to publish in the best journals is intense, and the system becomes self-reinforcing, increasing the value of those journals still further.
But not, perhaps, for much longer. Support has been swelling for open-access scientific publishing: doing it online, in a way that allows anyone to read papers free of charge. The movement started among scientists themselves, but governments are paying attention and asking whether they might also benefit from the change.
Much remains to be worked out. Some fear the loss of the traditional journals’ curation and verification of research. Even Sir Mark Walport, the director of the Wellcome Trust and a fierce advocate of open-access publication, worries that the newly liberated papers have ended up in different places rather than being consolidated in the way they want.
A revolution, then, has begun. Technology permits it; researchers and politicians want it. If scientific publishers are not trembling in their boots, they should be.
The first two paragraphs intend to indicate that______.
选项
A、taxpayers should make great efforts to exchange ideas
B、publishers are regarded as a negative factor in science
C、the government is liable to pay for research expenses
D、the results of research projects are freely available to the public
答案
B
解析
推断题。前两段的核心内容是“纳税人希望免费获得由财政支持的科技成果信息,而期刊出版商却成了其羁绊”。近来,英国政府推出一项举措,由财政资助的科研成果在网上免费向公众开放。将本题的四个选项与这些内容比对后,可知B为正确答案。A未提及,C和D的共同问题是未限定财政支持。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/vAMO777K
本试题收录于:
CATTI二级笔译综合能力题库翻译专业资格(CATTI)分类
0
CATTI二级笔译综合能力
翻译专业资格(CATTI)
相关试题推荐
Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthepolitician?
Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthepolitician?
A、Thesectionsactivatedbymenandwomen’svoicesaredifferent.B、Women’svoicesaremoreeasilytoidentifyandlistento.C、
TheCommissionisexpectedtoproposeallowingpeopletochoosewhichlegaljurisdictiontheywouldcomeunder,basedontheir【L
A、tothelocalgovernmentB、intothecountryinwhichtheyhavebeenbuiltC、abroadD、tothelocalinhabitantsC推理判断题。关于一些旅馆的利润,
ShouldUrbanGrowthbeRestricted?VocabularyandExpressionsrepercussionAbercrombiePlanoptimalaccommodateaut
TheEnglishPubVocabularyandExpressionstaverndartsboardontaphardtackalehousepooltable
LatinAmericanandChineseofficialshaveopenedtwodaysoftalksontradeandinvestment.ThefirstChina/LatinAmericaand
Whatisthemajortypeofdepressivedisordermentionedinthepassage?
Oneofthemaingoalsofthetechnologyistoremovetheneedfortruckdrivers.
随机试题
跳出循环体,提前结束循环的语句是
在硬膜外麻醉中,如痛觉消失范围上界平乳头连线,下界平脐线,则其麻醉平面在________之间。
霍乱吐泻,恶寒发热,头痛,脘腹疼痛,舌苔白腻,以及山岚瘴疟等。方剂选用
26岁女性,G2P0,妊娠30周来产前检查,身高1.53m,体重50kg,血压120/80mmHg,胎位LOA,胎先露浮动,行骨盆测量诊断为均小骨盆,关于该诊断下述哪项不恰当
严重烧伤特别是大面积烧伤病人,防治休克至关重要。()
2013年1月1日,A公司以银行存款取得B公司30%的股权,初始投资成本为2000万元,投资时B公司各项可辨认资产、负债的公允价值与其账面价值相同,可辨认净资产公允价值为7000万元,A公司取得投资后即派人参与B公司生产经营决策,但无法对B公司实施控制。B
先生不知何许人也,亦不详其姓字,宅边有五柳树,因以为号焉。闲静少言,不慕荣利。好读书,不求甚解;每有会意,便欣然忘食。性嗜酒,家贫不能常得。亲旧知其如此,或置酒而招之;饮辄尽,期在必醉。既醉而退,曾不吝情去留。造环堵萧然,不蔽风日;短褐穿结,箪瓢屡空,晏如
教育与处罚相结合政策的基本要求为()。
虚假的冲突是指冲突双方有分歧,但是这个分歧并没有客观的基础。下列属于虚假的冲突的是()。
OSI网络结构模型共分为7层,其中最底层是物理层,最高层是______。
最新回复
(
0
)