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In the 19th century, there used to be a model of how to be a good person. There are all these torrents of passion flowing throug

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问题     In the 19th century, there used to be a model of how to be a good person. There are all these torrents of passion flowing through you. Your job, as captain of your soul, is to erect dams to keep these passions in check. Your job is to just say no to laziness, lust, greed, drug use and the other sins.
    These days that model is out of fashion. You usually can’t change your behavior by simply resolving to do something. Knowing what to do is not the same as being able to do it. Your willpower is not like a dam that can block the torrent of self-indulgence. It’s more like a muscle, which tires easily. Moreover, you’re a social being. If everybody around you is overeating, you’ll probably do so, too.
    The 19th-century character model was based on an understanding of free will. Today, we know that free will is bounded. People can change their lives, but ordering change is not simple because many things, even within ourselves, are beyond our direct control.
    Much of our behavior, for example, is guided by unconscious habits. Researchers at Duke University calculated that more than 40 percent of the actions we take are governed by habit, not actual decisions. Researchers have also come to understand the structure of habits—cue, routine, reward. You can change your own personal habits. If you leave running shorts on the floor at night, that’ll be a cue to go running in the morning. Don’t try to ignore your afternoon snack craving. Every time you feel the cue for a snack, insert another routine. Take a walk.
    Their research thus implies a different character model, which is supposed to manipulate the neural networks inside. To be an effective person, under this model, you are supposed to coolly examine your own unconscious habits, and the habits of those under your care. You are supposed to devise strategies to alter the cues and routines. Every relationship becomes slightly manipulative, including your relationship with yourself. You’re trying to arouse certain responses by implanting certain cues.
    This is a bit disturbing, because the important habitual neural networks are not formed by mere routine, nor can they be reversed by clever cues. They are burned in by emotion and strengthened by strong yearnings, like the yearnings for admiration and righteousness.
    If you think you can change your life in a clever way, the way an advertiser can get you to buy an air freshener, you’re probably wrong. As the Victorians understood, if you want to change your life, don’t just look for a clever cue. Commit to some larger global belief.
According to the new character model, personal behavior could be altered through
选项 A、cues to manipulate the habitual neural responses
B、cues to stop all the former unconscious habits
C、techniques to devise different physical cues
D、techniques to supplement old routines
答案C
解析 本题关键词是the new character model和personal behavior，问题是根据新的品格模式，个人行为会因什么而发生变化。定位到第五段。根据第五段第二、三句话，在这种模式下，要想成为高效的人(effective person)……你应该制定策略(devise strategies)来改变暗示和日常活动(alter the cues and routines)。由此可知，在新的模式下，想要改变个人行为，需要制定某些策略和方法来使某些暗示和日常活动发生变化，从而影响到个人的行为。因此选项C与原文属于相同含义，为正确答案。选项A属于曲解文意，第五段第一句说，他们的研究暗示了一种不同的品格模式(character model)，该模式应该会对内部神经系统(the neural networks inside)加以操控(manipulate)；而且第五段最后一句说，你正在试图通过植入特定的暗示(implanting certain cues)来激发特定的反应(arouse certain responses)。由此可知，操控内部神经系统的是新型的品格模式而不是暗示(cues)，而且，暗示可以激发(arouse)出特定的神经反应而不是操控(manipulate)神经反应。选项B属于正反混淆，第五段第二句说，要想成为高效的人(effective person)，你应该冷静地分析自己的无意识的习惯(unconscious habits)，以及你所在意的那些习惯(the habits under your care)。由此可知，新型模式要求冷静分析(coolly examine)无意识的习惯，而不是阻止(stop)所有的无意识的习惯。选项D属于无中生有，文中并没有提及补充旧有的日常活动(old routines)的方法。第五段：新模型需控制内部神经系统，通过植入特定的暗示来培养特定的习惯。
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