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  3. A narrowing of your interests is implied in almost any transition from a study environment to managerial or professional wor

A narrowing of your interests is implied in almost any transition from a study environment to managerial or professional wor

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问题    A narrowing of your interests is implied in almost any transition from a
   study environment to managerial or professional work. In the humanities
   and social sciences, you will at best reuse only a fraction of the material
   being covered in three or four years’ study. In most career paths, academic 【S1】______
   knowledge only forms a background to much more applied decision-
   making. Even with a " training" form of degree, only a few of the
   procedures or methods practiced in your studies are likely to continuously 【S2】______
   relevant in your work. Partly that reflects the greater specialization of most 【S3】______
   work tasks compared with studying. Many graduates are not content with
   the loss of variety involved in transmitting from degree study in at least four 【S4】______
   or five subjects a year to very standardized job demands. Academic work
   values single inventiveness, originality, and the cultivation of a different 【S5】______
   "style" as an index of self-realization and self-development. Emphasis has 【S6】______
   placed on generating new ideas and knowledge, assembling inadequate 【S7】______
   information to make a "rational" decision, appreciating basic concepts and
   theories, and involved in fundamental controversies and debate. The 【S8】______
   humanistic values of higher education encourage the feeling of being
   engaged in a process with a self-development rhythm. With contrast, even 【S9】______
   if your employers pursue enlightened personnel development policies and
   invest little in "human capital"—for example, by rotating graduate trainees 【S10】______
   to vary their work experiences—you are still likely to notice and feel sorry
   about some major restrictions of your interests and activities compared with
   a study environment.
【S3】
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