首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
But the real world eventually penetrates even the ivory tower. Exactly how humanity became human is still a matter of debate. Bu
But the real world eventually penetrates even the ivory tower. Exactly how humanity became human is still a matter of debate. Bu
admin
2016-08-02
77
问题
But the real world eventually penetrates even the ivory tower. Exactly how humanity became human is still a matter of debate. But there are. at least, some well-formed hypotheses.【F1】
What these hypotheses have in common is that they rely not on Spencer’s idea of individual competition, but on social interaction.
That interaction is. indeed, sometimes confrontational and occasionally bloody. But it is frequently collaborative, and even when it is not. it is more often manipulative than violent.
Modern Darwinism’s big breakthrough was the identification of the central role of trust in human evolution. People who are related collaborate on the basis of nepotism.【F2】
It takes outrageous profit or provocation for someone to do down a relative with whom they share a lot of genes. Trust, though. allows the unrelated to collaborate, by keeping score of who docs what when, and punishing cheats.
Very few animals can manage this. Indeed, outside the primates, only vampire bats have been shown to trust non relatives routinely.【F3】
(Well-fed bats will give some of the blood they have swallowed to hungry neighbours, but expect the favour to be returned when they are hungry and will deny favours to those who have cheated in the past.)
【F4】
The human mind, however, seems to have evolved the trick of being able to identify a large number of individuals and to keep score of its relations with them, delecting the dishonest or greedy and taking vengeance, even at some cost to itself.
This process may even be—as Matt Ridley, who wrote for this newspaper a century and a half after Spencer, described it—the origin of virtue.
The new social Darwinists(those who see society itself, rather than the savannah or the jungle, as the "natural" environment in which humanity is evolving and to which natural selection responds)have not abandoned Spencer altogether, of course. But they have put a new spin on him. The ranking by wealth of which Spencer so approved is but one example of a wider tendency for people to try to out-do each other. And that competition, whether athletic, artistic or financial, does seem to be about genetic display.【F5】
Unfakeable demonstrations of a superiority that has at least some underlying genetic component arc almost unfailingly attractive to the opposite sex. Thus both of the things needed to make an economy work, collaboration and competition, seem to have evolved under Charles Darwin ’ s penetrating gaze.
【F5】
选项
答案
一个人的卓越才能至少受到某些潜在的遗传因素影响。真实地、毫无作假地表现自己的卓越才能对异性几乎总有强大的吸引力。因此,使经济得以运转所需的因素中,合作和竞争这两大因素看来是在查尔斯·达尔文的敏锐凝视中进化而来的。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/vIoZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Whatmakesagreathighschool?Americansthinkalotofthingsdo,fromoutstandingacademicsorasupportiveenvironmentfors
Forthepastfiveyears,Dr.StephenPosthasbeenfundingresearchprojectsthattesthowaltruism(selflessness),compassion,
Humanlanguageisthesubjectofendlessscientificinvestigation,butthegesturesthataccompanyspeechareasurprisinglyneg
WhenGeorgeBushleftthepresidencyonJanuary20th,manyAmericanswerekeentoturnthepage.Theyhavewarmlywelcomedanew
Intheiridlemoments,historiansoccasionallyspeculateonhowtheworldwouldbedifferentifAdolfHitlerhadpassedtheentr
Aslongaspeoplehavelookedupatthenightsky,theyhavewonderedwhetherhumanityisaloneintheuniverse.ofplacesclose
Youarewhatyoueat,orsothesayinggoes.ButRichardWrangham,ofHarvardUniversity,believesthatthisistrueinamorep
Youarewhatyoueat,orsothesayinggoes.ButRichardWrangham,ofHarvardUniversity,believesthatthisistrueinamorep
"MoneyMattersonCampus"isarecentlyreleasedstudyonfinancialliteracyamongyoungadults.Itsupportsprovidingstudents
Wearethesumofouractions.Ibelievethattheactionsyoutakedeterminewhoyouare.But,yousay,Ihadanabusivefather/
随机试题
白质前连合
病毒潜伏感染的特点是
诊断考虑治疗疗程为
依我国法律规定,在我国法院受理的涉外离婚案件审理过程中,认定婚姻是否有效应当以下列哪一项为准据法?
甲带其子乙(5岁)在公园玩耍时,乙因与同龄儿童丙争抢滑梯,被丙从1米高的平台上推下,胳膊上蹭了一道血印。乙与丙扭打在一起,甲见状急忙赶来制止,但丙不\依不饶并在甲手臂上咬了一口,甲顺于将乙从20厘米台阶上推下,乙头部着地,致使脑部受损而导致智力低下。甲的行
Excel单元格中可输入公式,但单元格真正存储的是其计算结果。()
提出心理社会发展理论的心理学家是()
下列事实中,构成侵害名誉权的是()。
个体经济在性质上不同于私营经济,是因为它()。
窗体上有一个名称为Combo1的组合框,一个名称为Command1的命令按钮。要求编写程序,在组合框中输入一个字符串,当单击命令按钮时,将该字符串逐项与组合框中原有列表项进行比较,若有相同列表项,则将其删除;若没有相同列表项,则将其添加到组合框中。现有人编
最新回复
(
0
)