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  3. Where one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and captu

Where one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and captu

admin2011-02-25  87
问题     Where one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for example by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train up to any age if he still needs to do so. (46)This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child clinics.
    The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands. (47)Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a very important element in upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made before the child can understand them.
    Every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition of each new skill — the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. (48)It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early; a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. (49)On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.
    Learning together is a fruit source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this co-operation. Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good examples.
    Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters; others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. (50)In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child’s own happiness and well-being.
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答案学会等待东西，尤其是等待食物，是抚育过程中非常重要的因素，并且，别在孩子能理解之前就对他有太多的要求，只有这样，才会成功。
解析 and连接的并列复合句。第一个分句动名词作主语，particularly for food理解为插入语。第二个分句的主语也为Learning to wait for things，在此省略。翻译注意：(1)only if引导的条件状语从句，翻译为“只有…才”。(2)before引导的时间状语从句，注意“正反、反正法”翻译技巧的运用。
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