首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Preventing Cross Cultural Miscommunication Miscommunications happen all the time between people whose native languages are diffe
Preventing Cross Cultural Miscommunication Miscommunications happen all the time between people whose native languages are diffe
admin
2017-12-07
84
问题
Preventing Cross Cultural Miscommunication
Miscommunications happen all the time between people whose native languages are different. Native English speakers, though boasting the advantage of speaking the world language, should also be aware of miscommunications. Here are several pieces of advice to English speakers:
I. Cultural differences in【T1】_____ need to be addressed.【T1】______
A. Americans like to use【T2】_____ and phrases.【T2】______
B. Japanese people do not like to say "【T3】_____".【T3】______
C. French people can get easily offended.
D. Germans are【T4】_____.【T4】______
E. Italians don’t love details.
II. Main【T5】_____ for foreigners to understand English speakers.【T5】______
A. Metaphor【T6】_____:【T6】______
a)sport metaphors
b)military metaphors
c)mixed metaphors
d)【T7】_____ metaphors【T7】______
B. Conditionals can be【T8】_____.【T8】______
C. Not aware of【T9】_____.【T9】______
— Beginning a conversation informally can be【T10】_____【T10】______
III. English【T11】_____ to avoid miscommunication.【T11】______
A. Be aware of using metaphors.
B. Avoid making a(n)【T12】_____ statement when possible.【T12】______
C. Pay attention to cultural habits with regards to respect.
—【T13】_____ before calling someone by the first name.【T13】______
IV. Conclusion: use【T14】_____.【T14】______
Downside: reduced【T15】_____.【T15】______
Advantage: pertinent, direct, and stronger communication.
【T12】
Preventing Cross Cultural Miscommunication
Good morning everyone. Today, I am going to talk about preventing cross cultural miscommunication. Miscommunication between people happens all the time, especially when one of the parties is using a second language. We often end up hearing miscommunication stories in the form of a joke: "You wouldn’t believe what happened to me..." But we don’t always hear all of the stories, especially when we cause the miscommunication with international audiences.
Native English speakers have the so-called advantage of speaking the so-called world language. If this is your case, it is likely your audience put up with the visible problems of miscommunication.
You may not even be aware there is any miscommunication, and your communication can suffer from it. Misunderstandings lead to doubt about the real intent of others. This can have a very negative effect on a communication bottom line.
That’s why when we communicate in English and deal with international audiences, we need to pay special attention to any miscommunication.
[1]First of all, we need to address cultural differences in communication styles. Every country has its own communication style and habits. These different styles do not translate well, so we need to pay special attention to communication with foreign people.[2]Americans like to use slang words and phrases that even other Americans don’t always understand. "I’m jazzed when that happens! "[3]Japanese people do not like to refuse something, so they say that it will be discussed "later". Later means never. French people can get easily offended. For example, every word has to have a French translation—e-mail, mail, and mel are too English, so the word "cour-riel" was created.[4]Germans love details and Italians don’t. And the list of generalized differences can go on and on.
Understanding the cultural differences, we must ask the second question: how can cross cultural communication be easy? Before trying to learn everything about all of the different cultures out there, it is important to look at your own communication styles first. How is our own English language perceived in different cultures?[5]Here are some of the main stumbling blocks for foreigners trying to understand what we have said.
[6]The first one in the list is metaphor traps. In English we have the habit of using sport and military metaphors.[7]We even use mixed metaphors and dead metaphors. Here are some examples of the metaphors we use: We talk about "leveling the playing field" before we "charge straight in" to the "front line of operations". He can "step up to the plate and grab the bull by the horns". "I gather you’ve understood" that "to grasp this concept" is a "touchdown for our team". These phrases actually mean something. And yet how many people would not follow their meanings? You might say: these metaphors are as subtle as a sledgehammer, everyone would understand them. But this is not the case.
[8]The second stumbling block is the confusion over conditionals. Another area of miscommunication where native English speakers mislead foreigners is the use of the conditional: could, should, would, and the hypothetical: if. We use these variations in English more than in many other cultures. It is simple. To your international audience, "could" and "can" mean "will". "If you pay on time, we can deliver on time" will be heard as "we will deliver on time". Instead, try saying, we will begin manufacturing after your payment is received. Then make sure that your client has heard you, understood you, and is willing to act on your conversation.
[9]The third trouble is unknowing lack of respect English speakers can rapidly create bad impressions by being inappropriately informal. Many cultures have a different concept of respect and formality. In many cultures people will only address others using personal names after several months —or not at all. Native English speakers from all countries generally address acquaintances on a first name basis faster than in some cultures. Americans being the champions with the general use of nick names added to the mix.[10]Beginning your conversation informally in many cultures can be insulting.
With these stumbling blocks in mind, let’s come to the third part of my talk today:[11]English guidelines to avoid miscommunication You can eliminate many sources of cross cultural miscommunication simply by paying attention to your own use of English. After looking at the above points, here are some guidelines:
1. Be aware of the metaphors you use, explain them clearly. Better yet, eliminate them.
2.[12]Avoid making a conditional statement when possible. Clearly identify what you are saying, doing, promising. Better yet, simplify your communication and your offer.
3. Be aware of the other person’s cultural habits with regards to respect as much as possible.[13]If you are not familiar with the other person’s habits, the least you can do is to ask for permission to call them by their first name. Better yet, ask them how people call them in their own country, and ask if you can call them in the same way.
The bottom line is this[14]If you want to communicate effectively across cultures you must use simple English.[15]The drawback of communicating effectively across cultures is that your vocabulary will probably become severely reduced in size. The advantage is that your communication will be more pertinent, direct, and stronger.
Examining your own communication habits and their cross cultural implications is the best place to start. Your own communication will be the source of fewer stories of cultural communication blunders. And your own communication becomes a strong tool to get more international friends. OK I think we have covered how to prevent most cross cultural miscommunication by examining your own English communication. Next time, we will discuss the way American culture is perceived by foreign cultures.
选项
答案
conditional
解析
针对跨文化交际中可能出现的障碍,文中提出了三点与之相对应的建议。其中第二点建议为“尽量不要使用条件句”。若此处漏记了笔记,可根据前面提到的三种障碍推测出正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/vSsK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
(1)Therewasmusicfrommyneighbor’shousethroughthesummernights.Inhisbluegardensmenandgirlscameandwentlikemoth
WhatIsLiteraryWriting?I.DistinguishingfeaturesofliterarywritingA.Primarilydistinguishable【T1】:【T1】______—creativ
WhatIsLiteraryWriting?I.DistinguishingfeaturesofliterarywritingA.Primarilydistinguishable【T1】:【T1】______—creativ
A、Peoplethinkwomenshouldbenurturing.B、Therearefewpositivewomenrolesinmovies.C、Peoplethinkwomendon’tknowtheri
A、Toparticipateintheshows.B、Togiveadvicetopeople.C、Towritebooks.D、Toguidegirls’life.C
ThePurposeofLiteraryAnalysisI.Introduction—makingreadersappreciate【T1】ofliteraryworks【T1】______—relatingliteratur
ThePurposeofLiteraryAnalysisI.Introduction—makingreadersappreciate【T1】ofliteraryworks【T1】______—relatingliteratur
PASSAGEONEWhatisthedefinitionofworkaholicgivenbytheseminal1992paper?
Itcouldbearguedthathumanbeingsareaspeciesofanimal.However,theuniquecharacteristics,whichmakesmankinddifferent
随机试题
简述工作分解结构(WBS)的作用。
案情:甲(男23岁),乙(女19岁),为达到结婚目的,乙篡改了户口本并制作了假身份证,于民政部门领取了结婚证。结婚前甲的父母为甲购买了一套住房,供甲乙婚后居住,婚后乙的父母为乙买了一套住房供甲乙居住。三年后甲与乙的感情不和,乙要离婚甲不同意,于是乙诉至法院
李某和钱某参加省教委组织的“省中小学教师自学考试”。后省教委以“通报”形式,对李某、钱某等4名作弊考生进行了处理,并通知当次考试各科成绩作废,三年之内不准报考。李某、钱某等均得知该通报内容。李某向省政府递交了行政复议申请书,省政府未予答复。李某诉至法院。下
某项目组成甲、乙、丙、丁共4个专业队在5个段上进行无节奏流水施工,各队的流水节拍分别是:甲队为3、5、3、2、2周,乙队为2、3、1、4、5周,丙队为4、1、3、2、5周,丁队为5、3、4、2、1周,该项目总工期为()周。
公积金个人住房贷款与商业银行自营性个人住房贷款的区别不包括()。
甲公司将于2012年12月建造完工的写字楼直接对外出租,作为投资性房地产核算,并采用成本模式进行后续计量,原价为2000万元,采用年限平均法按照10年计提折旧,净残值为0,税法与会计规定相同。2015年1月1日,甲公司决定采用公允价值模式进行后续计量,该写
A公司2009年5月开业,注册资本为300万元,实收资本为200万元。当年公司除建立记载资金的账簿以外,还建立了2本日记账和3本明细账。A公司在开业当月还领取了工商营业执照,并取得了一个商标注册证和一个房产证。A公司在开业当年还签订了以下合同:(1
小明在一个阳光明媚的中午到电影院看电影,刚进电影院时什么都看不清,这是感觉特性中的()。
从结构上看,可将态度分为认知成分、情感成分和行为成分。以下说法中反映态度结构的核心成分的是()
"Professor’sOffice"Howdoestheprofessorfeelaboutquestionsinclass?
最新回复
(
0
)