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  3. In tests for Pironoma, a serious disease, a false positive result indicates that people have Pironoma when, in fact, they do not

In tests for Pironoma, a serious disease, a false positive result indicates that people have Pironoma when, in fact, they do not

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问题 In tests for Pironoma, a serious disease, a false positive result indicates that people have Pironoma when, in fact, they do not; a false negative result indicates that people do not have pironoma when, in fact, they do. To detect pironoma most accurately, physicians should use the laboratory test that has the lowest proportion of false positive results. Which of the following, if true, gives the most support to the recommendation above?
选项 A、The accepted treatment for Pironoma does not have damaging side effects.
B、The laboratory test that has the lowest proportion of false positive results causes the same minor side effects as do the other laboratory tests used to detect Pironoma.
C、In treating Pironoma patients, it is essential to begin treatment as early as possible, since even a week of delay can result in loss of life.
D、The proportion of inconclusive test results is equal for all laboratory tests used to detect Pironoma.
E、All laboratory tests to detect Pironoma have the same proportion of false negative results.
答案E
解析 检测Pironoma最准确的测试办法应是产生错误结果最少的办法，如果所有的测试方法有相同的出现错误的阴性结果的比例，那么最准确的办法应是产生错误的阳性结果比例最低的办法，因此，(E)支持了该建议，是正确答案；选项(A)和(C)谈到Pironoma的治疗，与检测Pironoma的测试准确程度无关。选项(B)谈到检测Pironoma测试的负作用，与它们的准确程度无关。无法得出结论的测试结果比例对所有测试手段是一样的[选项(D)]，由于它没有指出哪种测试错误的结果最少，没有回答哪种测试更准确的问题。
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