首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Organizing of Your Speech If you thumb through any mailorder catalogue today, you will discover that many of the items for s
Organizing of Your Speech If you thumb through any mailorder catalogue today, you will discover that many of the items for s
admin
2010-02-20
64
问题
Organizing of Your Speech
If you thumb through any mailorder catalogue today, you will discover that many of the items for sale are organizers—closet organizers, kitchen organizers and office organizers. Read enough catalogues, and you must conclude that is something exists, it can be organized. Why all these quest for organization? Obviously, there’s little point in having multiple possessions if you can’t find them when you need them. Much the same is true of your speeches. If they are well organized, they will serve you better. Organization allows you and your listeners—to see what ideas you have and to put mental "hands" on the most important ones.
Organization is important
Several years ago a college professor took a wellorganized speech and scrambled it by randomly changing the order of its sentences. He then had a speaker deliver the original version to one group of listeners and the scrambled version to another group. After the speeches, he gave a test to see how well each group understood what they had heard. Not surprisingly, the group that heard the original, unscrambled speech stored much higher than the other group.
A few years later, two professors repeated the same experiment at another school. But instead of testing how well the listeners comprehended each speech, they tested to see what effects the speeches had on the listeners’ attitudes toward the speakers. They found that people who heard tile wellorganized speech believed the speaker to be much more competent and trustworthy than did those who heard the scrambled speech.
These are just two of many studies that show the importance of organization in speechmaking. You realize how difficult it is to pay attention to the speaker, much less to understand the message. In fact, when students explain what they hope to learn from their speech class, they almost always put "the ability to organize my ideas more effectively" near the top of the list. This ability is especially vital for speechmaking. Listeners have little patience with speakers who bounce wildly from idea to idea. Keep in mind that listeners cannot flip back to a previous page if they have trouble grasping a speaker’s ideas. In this respect a speech is much like a movie. A speaker must be sure listeners can follow the progression of ideas from beginning to end. This requires that speeches be organized strategically.
The first step in developing a strong sense of speech organization is to gain command of the three basic parts of a speech—introduction, body, and conclusion—and the strategic role of each. The body is the longest and most important part. Aim, you will usually prepare the body first. It is much easier to cream an effective introduction after you know exactly what you will say in the body. The process of organizing the body of a speech begins when you deter mine the main points.
Main points
The main points are the central features of your speech. You should select them carefully, phrase them precisely, and arrange them strategically. Here are the main points of a student speech about the medical uses of hypnosis:
Specific purpose:
To inform my audience about the major uses of hypnosis.
Central Idea:
The major uses of hypnosis today are to control pain in medical surgery, to help people stop smoking, and to help students improve their academic performance.
Main points:
Hypnosis is used in surgery as an adjunct to chemical anesthesia.
Hypnosis is used to help people stop smoking.
Hypnosis is used to help students improve their academic performance.
These three main points form the skeleton of the body of the speech. If there are three major uses of hypnosis for medical purposes, then logically there can be three main points in the speech.
Sometimes main points are evident from your specific Pm statement. Even if they are not stated expressly, they may be easy to project from statement. Often they will emerge as you research the speech and evaluate your findings. Suppose your specific purpose is "To persuade my audience that our state should not approve proposals for online voting". You know that each main point in the speech will present a reason why online voting should not be instituted in your state. But you aren’t sure how many main points there will be or what they will be. As you research and study the topic, you decide there are two major reasons to support your view. Each of these reasons will become a main point in your speech.
Number of main points
You will not have time in your classroom speeches to develop more than four or five main points, and most speeches will contain only two or three. Regardless of how long a speech might run, if you have too many main points, the audience will have trouble sorting them out. When everything is equally important, nothing is important. If when you list your main points, you find you have too many, you may be able to condense them into categories.
Strategic order of Main Points
Once you establish your main points, you need to decide in what order you will present them in your speech. This is extremely important, for it will affect both the clarity and the persuasiveness of your idea. The most effective order depends on three things—you topic, your purpose, and your audience. Five basic patterns of organization used most often by public speaker: chronological, spatial, causal, problemsolution, and topical order.
Tips for preparing main points
Each main point in a speech should be clearly independent of the other main points. Take care not to lump together what should be separate main points. And because main points are so important, you want to be sure they all receive enough emphasis to be clear and convincing. This means allowing sufficient time to develop each main points. This is not to say that all main points must receive exactly equal emphasis, but only that they should be roughly balance.
Summary
Clear organization is vital to speechmaking. Listeners demand coherence. They get only one chance to grasp a speaker’s ideas, and they have little patience for speakers who ramble aimlessly from one idea to another. A wellorganized speech will enhance your credibility and make it easier for the audience to understand your message. Speeches should be organized strategically. They should be put together in particular ways to achieve particular results with particular audiences.
The process of planning the body of a speech begins when you determine the main points. These are the central features of your speech. You should choose them carefully, phrase them precisely, and organize them strategically. Because listeners cannot keep track of a multitude of main points, most speeches should contain no more than two to five main points. Each main point should focus on a single idea, should be worded clearly, and should receive enough emphasis to be clear and convincing. Supporting materials are the back up ideas for your main points. When organizing supporting materials, make sure they are directly relevant to the main points they are supposed to support. And connectives help tie a speech together. They are words or phrases that join one thought to another and indicate the relationship between them. Using them effectively will make your speeches more unified and coherent.
You can begin the process of planning the body of a speech when you determine the main points.
选项
A、Y
B、N
C、NG
答案
A
解析
这句话与Summary部分第二段的第一句话意思相同。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/vet7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
A、Teacherandstudent.B、Employerandemployee.C、Friends.D、Classmates.BWhatisthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthetwospea
Thepassageintroducessomekindsoftaxesandthefactorstojudgeatax.OnlyfourstatesintheUnitedStatesdonotusesal
Manyteachersbelievethattheresponsibilitiesforlearningliewiththestudents.Ifalongreadingassignmentisgiven,instr
Scienceforself-reliancehas,inrecentyears,becomeamatterofgreatconcernforThirdWorldanddevelopingnations.Thesen
A、Ingeneraltheylikebrownclothes.B、Ingeneraltheylikeblackclothes.C、Ingeneraltheylikedarkclothes.D、Ingeneralth
Thesecondmajorcauseofdeathrelatedtoexcessivealcoholuseis______.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingis
Byusingthenationalroadsystem,onecandrivetoallstatesofAmericawithoutstopping.Thebiggestchangebroughtaboutby
AssoonasitwasrevealedthatareporterforProgressivemagazinebaddiscoveredbowtomakeahydrogenbomb,agroupoffirea
Accordingtothepassage,whatwouldhappentouswithoutcommunication?Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
随机试题
简要评价“教育万能论”。
()就是依照相同尺度去衡量相同职务的人员的工作绩效的考核方式。
呼吸性酸中毒的特点是()
计算单代号搭接网络的时间参数时,若某项中间工作的最早开始时间为负值,则应当()。
下列关于一体化战略的描述正确的有()。
窗口有两种类型,即应用程序窗口和文档窗口。下列对两类窗口的错误描述是()。
幼儿教师最重要的素质是()。
我国有工商银行、农业银行、中国银行、建设银行四大国有大型银行。作为首家四大国有银行半年报,建行财报显示,该公司2010年上半年利润总额达到921.94亿元,较上年同期增长27.22%;归属于母公司的净利润707.79亿元,相当于平均每天赚四个亿,成为到目
以下关于Word“首字下沉”命令的叙述中,正确的是(35)________________。
Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand1
最新回复
(
0
)