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  3. Florence Nightingale is most remembered as a pioneer of nursing and a reformer of hospital sanitation methods. For most of her n

Florence Nightingale is most remembered as a pioneer of nursing and a reformer of hospital sanitation methods. For most of her n

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问题     Florence Nightingale is most remembered as a pioneer of nursing and a reformer of hospital sanitation methods. For most of her ninety years, Nightingale pushed for reform of the British military health-care system and with that the profession of nursing started to gain the respect it deserved. Unknown to many, however, was her use of new techniques, of statistical analysis, such as during the Crimean War when she plotted the incidence of preventable deaths in the military. She developed a method to prevent the needless deaths caused by unsanitary conditions and the need for reform. With her analysis, Florence Nightingale revolutionized the idea that social phenomena could be objectively measured and subjected to mathematical analysis. She was an innovator in the collection, interpretation, and display of statistics.
    Florence Nightingale’s two greatest life achievements-pioneering of nursing and the reform of hospitals-were amazing considering that most Victorian women of her age group did not attend universities or pursue professional careers.  It was her father, William Nightingale, who believed women, especially his children, should get an education. So Nightingale and her sister learned Italian, Latin, Greek, history, and mathematics. She in particular received excellent early preparation in mathematics.
    During Nightingale’s time at Scutari, she collected data and systematized record-keeping practices. Nightingale was able to use the data as a tool for improving city and military hospitals. Nightingale’s calculations of the death rate showed that with an improvement of sanitary methods, deaths would decrease. In February, 1855, the death rate at the hospital was 42.7 percent of the cases treated. When Nightingale’s sanitary reform was implemented, the death rate declined. Nightingale took her statistical data and represented them graphically.
    As Nightingale demonstrated, statistics provided an organized way of learning and lead to improvements in medical and surgical practices. She also developed a Model Hospital Statistical Form for hospitals to collect and generate consistent data and statistics. She became a Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society in 1858 and an honorary member of the American Statistical Association in 1874. Karl Pearson acknowledged Nightingale as a "prophetess" in the development of applied statistics.
What does the author try to prove in this passage?
选项 A、Women can be as successful as men.
B、Education plays a vital role in one’s success.
C、Mathematics could be used to improve medical practices.
D、A career in medical field is also available for women.
答案C
解析 文章主旨题；结合第二个题目，文章围绕的是主人公在数理统计的应用这个领域的成就，只有围绕这个领域进行的阐述才是正确的，4个选项之中只有C选项符合这样的要求；A选项过于宽泛地把主题定位在女性的事业成功上，和文章要讨论的具体话题领域有冲突；B选项和D选项的错误性质和A是一样的。
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考研英语一

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