首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
It has become fashionable to issue dire projections of declining prosperity based on demographic aging. But is that really such
It has become fashionable to issue dire projections of declining prosperity based on demographic aging. But is that really such
admin
2019-09-17
58
问题
It has become fashionable to issue dire projections of declining prosperity based on demographic aging. But is that really such a problem?
There is no doubt that all countries of the world are getting older, but they are at very different stages of the process. The median age in the United States — with half the population older and half younger — is currently 36. In Ethiopia, it’s 18, owing to a higher birthrate and a lower life expectancy. In other African countries, it’s even lower. The world’s oldest country is Germany, where the median age is 45.
The pattern is very clear: The young countries are poor, and the old countries are rich. So why do people fear population aging? I see two reasons. The first is psychological: The analogy to individual aging suggests that as populations get older, they grow frail and lose mental
acuity
. The second comes from economists and an indicator called the dependency ratio, which assumes that every adult below age 65 contributes to society, and everybody above 65 is a burden. And the proportion of people older than 65 is bound to increase.
Yet we also know that the productivity of some individuals is much higher than that of others, independent of age. Nothing is inherently special about the age of 65. Many people live longer and do so mostly in good health. The saying "
seventy is the new 60
" has a sound scientific basis. Meanwhile, education has been shown to be a key determinant of better health, longer life and higher productivity (not to mention open-mindedness). The active aging of better-educated populations can be an asset rather than a problem.
To appreciate how projections based on the simplistic dependency ratio can be misleading, consider the two population billionaires, China and India. In 2050 China’s population will be older than India’s because of its more rapid fertility decline. But so what? China’s population is much better educated and therefore much more productive. Furthermore, only a minority of Chinese will retire at age 65. We can expect most Chinese to make meaningful contributions through work as long as they are in good health, particularly if they find their jobs interesting and satisfying. Again, this is largely a question of education. In India today, one out of three adults has never seen a school from the inside. In China only 8 percent, mostly elderly, have no schooling. In India, 50 percent of young women have less than a junior secondary education; in China, the figure is only 15 percent. Knowing how important education is to economic performance, who would seriously claim that India’s future is brighter than China’s owing to slower aging?
Population aging is not irrelevant, but it should be seen in conjunction with other dimensions of human capital, especially education and health. Here the prospects are good. In most countries of the world — with the notable exception of the United States — the young are clearly better educated than the old and may thus compensate for their smaller numbers through higher productivity.
Viewing the quality of human capital as resting on a collection of elements, many of them manageable, is something that the private sector has been doing for a long time. Every sizable business pays attention to human resource management. For governments, the equivalent would be a form of national human resource management that considers education, migration, family, labor, health, and retirement as components that interact richly — and together drive the richness of the future.
The author mentions China and India to______.
选项
A、provide examples of aging population
B、predict the future trend of development
C、explain the reasons for high productivity
D、refute the view about dependency ratio
答案
D
解析
细节识别。第五段第一句“To appreciate how projections based on the simplistic dependency ratio can be misleading,consider the two population billionaires,China and India”为主题句,本段其余部分用具体事实证明该论点,所以选项D符合主题句句意。【知识拓展】细节识别题需要由大到小缩小范围:准确定位原文,然后根据关键词捕捉具体信息。如本句的dependency ratio与选项D对应,而how…misleading与refute对应,据此做出正确判断。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/vqwO777K
本试题收录于:
CATTI三级笔译综合能力题库翻译专业资格(CATTI)分类
0
CATTI三级笔译综合能力
翻译专业资格(CATTI)
相关试题推荐
Fromthenoticeandthediscussionbetweenthetwostudents,weknowthatJackthinksthepresentchargingsystemisbetterthan
WhenIwasincollege,IonceparticipatedinaTaichiclub.Youknow,TaichiisonetypeofChineseKungfu.Atfirst,Ijustw
AstronomyWhatcouldastronomersbetterestimateoncetheyknewwhatnebulaereallywere?
Somepeoplebelievethatthebestwayoflearningaboutlifeisbylisteningtotheadviceoffamilyandfriends.Otherpeopleb
Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Azoohasnousefulpurpose.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestoexplain
"MigrationfromAsia"TheAsianmigrationhypothesisistodaysupportedbymostofthescientificevidence.Thefirst"hard"
Themorelightenergyanobjectabsorbs,______theobjectbecomes.
Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Mostexperiencesinourlivesthatseemeddifficultatthetimebecomeval
TheUnitedStatescountsitspopulationeverytenyears,andeachcensusrevealsthattheracialandethnicmixischangingdram
Thepolicemantriedto______theteenagedrivertoobeythetrafficlawsratherthanfinehimdirectly.
随机试题
社会主义初级阶段泛指任何国家进入社会主义都会经历的起始阶段。
某患者失3个月,要求固定修复。一般情况下,倾斜牙作基牙,其倾斜度的最大限度是
滴虫阴道炎的典型白带为
长江公司于2×15年1月1日以银行存款3100万元取得大海公司30%的有表决权股份,对大海公司能够施加重大影响,当日大海公司可辨认净资产的公允价值是11000万元。2×15年1月1日,大海公司除一项管理用固定资产的公允价值与其账面价值不同外,其他
你的工作得到下属的认可,但却得不到领导的认同,应该怎么办?
建设生态文明是关系人民福祉、关乎民族未来的大计,是实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的重要内容。习近平总书记在哈萨克斯坦纳扎尔巴耶夫大学发表演讲并回答学生们问题时指出:“我们既要绿水青山,也要金山银山。宁要绿水青山,不要金山银山,而且绿水青山就是金山银山。”这生动
A、 B、 C、 D、 A每行第一个图形的两部分阴影依次向相反的方向移动一格得到后面的图形。
电子计算机大众化一计算机管理社会一计算机技术人员道德低下一计算机管理情报泄密一计算机特殊机件普及化一计算机操作人员增加一企业全部管理业务计算机化。如果上述的情况同时存在,将会产生的必然后果是()。
Scientistshavefoundthatalthoughwearepronetosnapoverreactions,ifwetakeamomentandthinkabouthowwearelikelyto
A、Helosthisbike.B、Hehadatoothache.C、Hefelloffhisbikeandhurthisleg.C根据第一个人的话“我从自行车上摔下来,摔伤了腿。”可知正确答案为C。
最新回复
(
0
)