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  3. Strong emotional bonds between mothers and infants increase children’s willingness to explore the world—an effect that has been

Strong emotional bonds between mothers and infants increase children’s willingness to explore the world—an effect that has been

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问题     Strong emotional bonds between mothers and infants increase children’s willingness to explore the world—an effect that has been observed【C1】______the animal kingdom, in people, monkeys and even spiders. The more secure we are in our【C2】______to Mom, the more likely we are to try new things and take risks. Now researchers are discovering that this effect continues into adulthood. A【C3】______reminder of Mom’s touch or the sound of her voice on the phone is【C4】______to change people’s minds and moods,【C5】______their decision making in measurable ways.
    In a study【C6】______online in April in Psychological Science, undergraduate business students had to choose between safe bets and risky gambles—a bond with a guaranteed 4 percent yearly【C7】______or a riskier stock option, for example. In half the cases, the experimenters patted the students【C8】______on the back of the shoulder for about one second【C9】______providing verbal (口头的) instructions about the study. Both male and female students who were touched by a female experimenter were【C10】______more likely to choose the risky alternative【C11】______were those who had not been touched or were patted by male experimenters. The reassuring (宽慰的) touch of a woman may have induced early associations,【C12】______the same openness to exploration that is observed in young children of【C13】______mothers, explains Jonathan Levav, a business professor at Columbia University and lead author of the study.
    To further【C14】______that a woman’s touch links feelings of security【C15】______risk taking, the researchers asked a【C16】______group of undergraduates to make financial decisions after a writing exercise. Half of them wrote about a time they felt secure and supported, whereas the【C17】______half wrote about feeling insecure and alone. Evoking (唤起) a【C18】______of insecurity made students in the latter group【C19】______receptive to the gentle shoulder pats from female experimenters and much more willing to take a risk—just as a child leaving for a field trip might steal one last reassuring hug【C20】______Mom before stepping on the bus.
【C19】
选项 A、especially
B、specially
C、securely
D、entirely
答案A
解析 副词辨义。此处需选择一个副词来修饰receptive“乐于接受的”，此句是描述第二组学生实验的结果，和第一组学生的实验结果相比较，especially“特别，尤其”符合句意。specially“特意”；securely“安全地”；entirely“完全地，彻底地”，均与句意不符，故排除。
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大学英语四级

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