首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
1. American hopes that pressure from the U S will force Japan to suddenly dismantle its trade harriers are almost certain to eva
1. American hopes that pressure from the U S will force Japan to suddenly dismantle its trade harriers are almost certain to eva
admin
2008-10-11
83
问题
1.
American hopes that pressure from the U S will force Japan to suddenly dismantle its trade harriers are almost certain to evaporate in disappointment. The fact is that Washington faces an obstacle far more formidable than a few power brokers in Tokyo’s government offices. It must buck centuries-old, deeply ingrained Japanese customs. To move the Japanese government, Washington must move an entire nation.
So far, the U S has had only limited success despite congressional threats to retaliate. In an April 9 nationwide broadcast, Prime Minster Yasuhiro Nakasone urged the Japanese to buy more imported goods and unveiled a long-awaited three-year plan to ease import restrictions. But his program was far short of what Washington hoped to see.
White House Chief of Staff Donald Regan said the Japanese offered "few new or immediate measures." While the plan did promise fewer curbs on imports of telecommunications gear, medicine and medical equipment, it offered no relief for American forest products--which are among the most contentious trade issues.
Nakasone gives every sign of being Sincere in his desire to reduce a Japanese surplus in trade with the U S that hit 36.8 billion dollars in 1984 and could soon top 50 billion. 2.
Yet to rely on any one Japanese political leader, no matter how popular he is at home, to reverse trade policies is to underestimate the culture and traditions that weigh heavily against a breakthrough.
Big business and dozens of anonymous bureaucrats have as much power as Japan’s top selected leaders.
"The whole concept that we can turn this around right now is patently ridiculous, "says an American trader who has lived and worked here since 1952. "The vested interests are being shaken and slowly moved, but at a pace too slow for the eye to follow."
That view is echoed by a U S diplomat closely involved in the efforts to open Japanese markets to American goods, Washington’s stock solution to the ballooning trade imbalance.
3.
"Japan is a relationship society rather than a transactional society", he says. "You cannot alter that kind of a system with a television speech or a batch of general proposals, no matter how well-intentioned they are."
Beyond specific tariffs of other official barriers to imports, experts here say that the U S faces these obstacles:
Nearly total domination of the Japanese market by a few dozen giant conglomerates that strongly oppose even token competition--be it from abroad or emerging domestic firms.
An elite, thickly layered bureaucracy that historically has drafted laws and regulations as well as enforced them, and both of these powers would be threatened by trade reforms.
A longtime relationship between business and government that critics say fosters collusion and hinders foreign entry into domestic markets.
Adamant support for import restrictions among Japanese farmers, one of the most powerful political forces.
4.
A highly developed sense of loyalty to established practices and relationships that often outweighs any "duty" to society as a whole or, in some cases, even personal best interest. Esteem for caution and consensus in decision-making at all societal levels and conversely, resentment of governmental fiats or one-man decrees--even if that man is the head of government.
Compounding Washington’s problem is Nakasone’s weak position within his own party, the Liberal Democrats, who have ruled Japan for 30 years. His standing is so complex and fragile that he has been forced to yield all but three of 2l cabinet positions to rival political factions. His cabinet colleagues are far less committed than he is to trade reforms, making it difficult for the Prime Minister to muscle proposals through either the bureaucracy or the Diet, Japan’s parliament.
The existence of "Japan, Inc." --the concept of an entire nation conspiring to advance economically at any cost--is a topic of debate among both Japanese and outsiders. But there is no dispute over how the system actually works.
选项
答案
“日本是一个讲关系的社会而不是一个照章办事的社会”,他说道:“你无法用一次电视讲话或几条一般性的提议来改变这样一种体制,无论电视讲话和提议的用意好到什么程度。特权阶层铁板一块的官僚体制,这个官僚体制有史以来一直制订并强制推行法律和法规,这两种权力都会受到贸易改革的威胁。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/vxIO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
•LookatthenotesaboutanAmericanbusinessmancalmedMatthewWebb,whoisworkingintheUKforacompanycalledElectra.•So
•LookatthenotesaboutanAmericanbusinessmancalmedMatthewWebb,whoisworkingintheUKforacompanycalledElectra.•So
•LookatthenotesaboutanAmericanbusinessmancalmedMatthewWebb,whoisworkingintheUKforacompanycalledElectra.•So
•LookatthenotesaboutanAmericanbusinessmancalmedMatthewWebb,whoisworkingintheUKforacompanycalledElectra.•So
BadnewsforbankersTherewasgreatuncertaintytodayaboutthefutureforemployeesofLancetBankfollowingpublicati
BadnewsforbankersTherewasgreatuncertaintytodayaboutthefutureforemployeesofLancetBankfollowingpublicati
BadnewsforbankersTherewasgreatuncertaintytodayaboutthefutureforemployeesofLancetBankfollowingpublicati
BadnewsforbankersTherewasgreatuncertaintytodayaboutthefutureforemployeesofLancetBankfollowingpublicati
随机试题
RyanHickmanwasborninanAmericanfamily.Whenhewasthreeyearsold,RyanHickmanvisitedarecyclingcentreinCalifornia
事件A,B满足AB=A,则A与B的关系为()
新民主主义经济纲领规定,对民族工商业的政策是()
患者,女,19岁。经期前后不定,经量或多或少,经行不畅,有血块,胸胁、乳房、少腹胀痛,精神抑郁,舌苔薄白,脉弦。治疗应首选
丙烯酸类密封膏宜用于()工程。
利润表中“营业成本”项目,反映企业销售产品和提供劳务等主要经营业务的各项销售费用和实际成本。()
在加息背景下,假设其他因素不变,()的银行获利更多。
把下面的六个图形分为两类,使每一类图形都有各自的共同特征或规律,分类正确的一项是:
食品行业是关系人民群众切身需求与经济社会和谐稳定的民生行业。但目前来看,我国食品供给体系总体呈现出中低端产品过剩、中高端和个性化产品供给严重不足的问题,消费者对国外产品的依赖程度越来越高。特别在当前速度换档、结构调整、动力转换的经济新常态下,深入推进食品行
BritishGovernmentWhenBritishvotersgotothepollsduringGeneralElectionstodecide(51)willgovernthemtheyusuallyhave
最新回复
(
0
)