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Cities are getting smarter, embedded with more Internet-connected devices that are generating data in unbelievable volumes. Yet

admin2021-12-15  24
问题     Cities are getting smarter, embedded with more Internet-connected devices that are generating data in unbelievable volumes. Yet increasing connectivity also means increasing complexity—and sometimes, that means higher vulnerability. Deeper connectivity means the failure of one system can cascade (像瀑布般大量倾泻下来) into the failure of another.
    Having more data about those kinds of interactions is both a good and bad thing: we’ve never been able to observe the complex inner workings of society as closely but the waterfall of information is more than we can analyze, leaving us unable to see potential dangers of our newfound connectivity.
    A research of Dr. Shade Shutters, a scientist with Arizona State University’s Global Security Initiative, is focused around the "wicked problems" of resilience (恢复力) and sustainability as they apply to social and urban development. Ask anyone who studies resilience what it means and you’ll get a different definition just about every time. Many different academic disciplines and theoretical viewpoints use different definitions for the word, but Shutters says that at a fundamental level, resilience is "something that implies the long-term sustainability of a particular state of a system. "
    The challenge with designing cities with long-term sustainability in mind? They’ve become so complex that every push or pull on the system results in new and surprising outcomes. Making one part of a city more resistant to threats can potentially mean weakening another part. Improving your highway system means more lanes for traffic, which can mean less space for buildings and residences, and therefore more suburban homes being built, which can mean more urban sprawl that affects the local ecosystem.
    Shutters says he expects that in the next few years a " municipal intelligence or metropolitan intelligence" field will develop as a public-side analog to business intelligence. These positions don’t currently exist, but Shutters hypothesizes that it’s because the data modeling isn’t advanced enough to prove the benefit of such investment.
    However, a number of universities have started offering advanced degrees in "Urban Informatics," including Northeastern University and New York University’s Center for Urban Science and Progress (CUSP), which Shutters thinks is a positive step forward.
    Topics covered in these degrees include urban informatics and technologies, geographic information systems labs, and focuses on urban modeling and simulation. The new cohort (一群；同期群组) of experts graduating from these programs will work in a field that ranges from urban design to civil engineering and from applied mathematics to statistics and public policy.
    People in those positions will be inundated (收到太多而应接不暇) with data, this time from the complex ecosystems of business, politics, land management, urban planning, water distribution and die hundreds of other systems that make up a city. But, Shutters says he hopes his work will help prepare them to filter the signals from the noise and make their cities more efficient and more resilient.
To design a city with resilience and sustainability, we should________.
选项 A、understand the accurate definition of resilience
B、keep in mind the interactions between systems
C、be cautious when planning to build highways
D、focus more on the protection of the ecosystem
答案B
解析 由题干中的design a city with和sustainability定位至第四段前三句。推理判断题。第四段第一句是设问句，挈领本段主题。作者在随后的内容中指出，城市设计的情况相当复杂，加强城市某个部分可能就意味着削弱另一部分。可见考虑城市中各部分的相互关联是秉持可持续理念的关键，故答案为B)。
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