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  3. The term "g"(general intelligence)represents a measure of overall cognitive ability across a variety of tests. It’s not the same

The term "g"(general intelligence)represents a measure of overall cognitive ability across a variety of tests. It’s not the same

admin2013-09-04  79
问题     The term "g"(general intelligence)represents a measure of overall cognitive ability across a variety of tests. It’s not the same as IQ but it does tend to correlate. Everyone agrees that "g" tends to run in families. But is this down to genetics or to environmental influences?
    However, no single gene has yet been conclusively linked to intelligence. Rather it appears to be a case of complex interactions on many levels between many different genes.
    Identical twins have exactly the same genes, while non-identical twins share about half their genes. Another feature of twins that makes them an ideal choice for studies is that they tend to be raised in pretty much the same environment. If a particular feature is the same in identical twins, but not in non-identical twins, then chances are it’s mainly genes that are controlling that feature.
    So what do the twin studies show? Well, first degree relatives tend to have "g" correlation of about 0.4—0.5.(Perfect correlation is 1; correlation of 0 means that the two things in question are totally unrelated). Identical twins have a correlation of 0.85, while for non-identical twins it’s about 0.6. Which suggests that genes play a very important role, but are not the only factor, since if they were, the correlation between identical twins would be 1.
    Identical twins reared apart are almost as similar in "g" scores as those reared together. Adopted children and their adoptive parents have a "g" correlation of zero, while adopted children and their biological parents tend to have the same correlations as any parent-child pair. So although genes don’t seem to be the only thing affecting intelligence, their effects seem to be constant and apparently not overridden by environment.
    Does heritability of intelligence alter over a lifetime? Remarkably, it appears so. "g" heritability climbs gradually from 20% in babies to 40% in children, peaking at 60% in adults. Why this should be is still a matter of speculation. It’s been suggested that as our cognitive abilities become more complex, new genes may come into play that were not needed when brain functions were less sophisticated. Or individuals may be drawn towards environments that fit with their genetic makeup, as time goes by and genetic effects that started out small in childhood build up together during adulthood.
Identical twins are chosen as the subjects of the study because______.
选项 A、they have the same genes and live in the same environment
B、they have some genes linked to general intelligence
C、they have the same heritability of intelligence
D、they are alike in everything except for intelligence
答案A
解析 第三段讲，identical twins(同卵双胞胎)拥有完全相同的基因，而且成长的环境几乎相同，所以是合适的研究对象。
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