2. 外语
  3. Some observers have attributed the dramatic growth in temporary employment that occurred in the United States during the 1980’s

Some observers have attributed the dramatic growth in temporary employment that occurred in the United States during the 1980’s

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问题     Some observers have attributed the dramatic growth in temporary employment that occurred in the United States during the 1980’s to increased partici- pation in the workforce by certain groups, such as first-time or reentering workers, who supposedly prefer such arrangements. However, statistical analyses reveal that demographic changes in the workforce did not correlate with variations in the total number of temporary workers. Instead, these analyses suggest that factors affecting employers account for the rise in tempo- rary employment. One factor is product demand: temporary employment is favored by employers who are adapting to fluctuating demand for products while at the same time seeking to reduce overall labor costs. Another factor is labor’s reduced bargaining strength, which allows employers more control over the terms of employment. Given the analyses, which reveal that growth in temporary employment now far exceeds the level explainable by recent workforce entry rates of groups said to prefer temporary jobs, firms should be discouraged from creating excessive numbers of temporary positions. Government policymakers should consider mandating benefit coverage for temporary employees, promoting pay equity between temporary and permanent workers, assisting labor unions in organizing temporary workers, and encouraging firms to assign temporary jobs primarily to employees who explicitly indicate that preference.
The passage suggests which of the following about the workers who took temporary jobs during the 1980’s?
选项 A、Their jobs frequently led to permanent positions within firms.
B、They constituted a less demographically diverse group than has been suggested.
C、They were occasionally involved in actions organized by labor unions.
D、Their pay declined during the decade in comparison with the pay of permanent employees.
E、They did not necessarily prefer temporary employment to permanent employment .
答案E
解析 文中指出关于80年代临时工，哪个说法正确?A．其工作常会变为同一公司的长期工作。无。B．易混。不如以前所说包含人群广泛。文中指出：人群加入劳动力增加不是临时工增加。并未否认临时工是由多种特征人群构成的。C．时常参加工会活动。最后作者提议让工会组织他们，现在看来还未做到此点。D．文中未提其收入下降。E．正确。和永久工作相比，他们并不一定更喜欢临时工作。
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