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  3. The news of the first successful cloning of a sheep has sent shock waves around the world．As a result, in many countries, offici

The news of the first successful cloning of a sheep has sent shock waves around the world．As a result, in many countries, offici

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问题     The news of the first successful cloning of a sheep has sent shock waves around the world．As a result, in many countries, officials and even some scientists are calling for new or strengthened legislation to outlaw human cloning, although at this early date, no concrete measures have been proposed．In the United States, which currently has no law prohibiting the procedure, President Clinton announced an urgent inquiry into the potential ethical and legal implications bythe National Bioethics Advisory Commission, which will report its conclusions by the end of May. Meanwhile, Clinton has banned federal funding for human cloning research and asked for a moratorium on nonfederally funded efforts. In addition, both houses of the U. S. Congress had held holding hearings on the issue. Scientists have cloned embryos for the first time from patients with serious diseases and injuries. It is believed that the day will come when some of mankind’s most destructive diseases and injuries can be effectively treated through the use of therapeutic stem cells.
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答案 有关克隆羊首次获得成功的消息在世界上引起了轩然大波。结果，在很多国家，政府官员甚至一些科学家都纷纷要求出台新的立法或加强立法，促使克隆人非法化，虽然由于时间关系，尚未来得及提出任何具体的措施。在美国，日前没有一项关于禁止克隆人的法律，克林顿总统下令国家生物伦理学咨询委员会立即对克隆人潜在的伦理和法律含义进行调查，并于5月底前提交结论性报告。与此同时，克林顿已对联邦政府资助克隆人研究下了禁令，并要求暂停非联邦资助。此外，美国参众两院还就此事召开了听证会。目前科学家已首次克隆出严重伤病患者的胚胎。有人认为，将来有—天，可治疗性干细胞将可有效地应用于治疗人类的某些极为严重的疾病和损伤。
解析     (1)The news of the first successful cloning of a sheep has sent shock waves around the world．此句由于主语news有一个介词结构of the first successful cloning of a sheep作后置定语，如按原文直译为“第一只成功克隆的羊的消息……”，译文显得别扭，因此考虑对句子结构作一些调整，译为：“有关克隆羊首次获得成功的消息在世界上引起了轩然大波。”这样既可保证忠实原文意思，又兼顾了译文的可读性。
    短语shock wave意为“冲击波。”around the world“世界各地，全球”。又如：
    We can travel around the world in less than one day．我们可以在不足二十四小时内周游世界。
    (2)As a result，in many countries，officials and even some scientists are calling for new or strengthened legislation to outlaw hum an cloning，although at this early date，no concrete measures have been proposed．此句是一个简单复合句。其句架是：As a result…officials…even some scientists are calling for…to outlaw human cloning，although…。其中As a result作插入语，表示结果。主句是officials and even some scientists are calling for new or strengthened legislation to outlaw human cloning，由从属连词although引出的状语从句放在句末。strengthened legislation在文中是过去分词strengthened作形容词用来修饰名词legislation，汉译时，转换为动宾结构“加强立法”。outlaw意为：“取缔；宣布非法；使非法化”。
    例如：
    Last week the government warned that it would consider legislation to outlaw smoking in public places．上周，政府警告说，它将考虑通过立法使在公共场所吸烟成为非法。
    The European Convention of Human Rights outlaws discrimination between the sexes．欧洲人权大会宣布性别歧视为非法。
    An outlawed political group has no choice but to go underground．非法政治组织只能转入地下活动。
    human cloning意为“克隆人”即“对人进行克隆”。
    at this early date在句子里如果直译，泽文显得别扭生硬，故与下文意思相糅合，易词而译，以求达意。
    no concrete measures have been proposed一句为被动语态，翻译时要照顾汉语语言习惯转换为主动语态。
    本句可译为：“结果，在很多国家，政府官员甚至一些科学家都纷纷要求出台新立法或加强立法使克隆人非法化，虽然由于时间关系，尚未来得及提出任何具体的措施。”
    (3)Meanwhile，Clinton has banned federal funding for human cloning research and asked for a moratorium on nonfederally funded efforts．此句为主—谓—宾结构的简单句。其句架为： Meanwhile，Clinton has banned…and asked for．…其中连词and连接两个动词banned和asked for，作主语Clinton的并列谓语。并列谓语指的是两个或两个以上的动词并用，充当谓语。
    Meanwhile在文中起承上启下作用，作“与此同时”解。ban既可作动词，也可作名词，有 (法律上)禁止之意，例如：
    Smoking is banned in school．在学校禁止吸烟。
    常见的结构为ban sb.from doing sth．或ban sth.，又如：
    He was banned from driving for six months，after being caught speeding again．由于再次超速行驶，他被禁止驾驶六个月。
    They signed a treaty banning a11 nuclear testing．他们签署一项条约，禁止一切核试验。
    moratorium作“暂停”解。
    nonfederally funded意为“未得到联邦政府资助”。
    本句可译为：“与此同时，克林顿已对联邦政府资助克隆人研究下了禁令，并要求暂停非联邦资助。”
    (4)Scientists have cloned embryos for the first time from patients with serious diseases and injuries．此句中clone…from意为“从……中克隆”。
    短语for the first time意为“首次”。
    patients with serious diseases and injuries中with引导的介词短语后置作名词patients的定语，翻译为汉语时，可处理为“的”字结构。
    (5)It is believed that the day will come when some of mankind’s most destructive diseases and injuries can be effectively treated through the use of therapeutic stem cells．此句中形式主语 It结构引导倒装的被动句，句中真正主语为that the day will come when some of mankind’s most destructive diseases and injuries can be effectively treated through the use“therapeutic stem dells．翻译此类被动结构，可处理为有泛泛主语的主动句：“有人认为……”。
    destructive有“破坏性的，破坏的”等意，又如：
    a destructive act一次破坏性行为
    a policy that is destructive to the economy一个危害经济的政策
    destructive criticism造成损害的批评
    injury意为：“伤害；破坏”，又如：
    a leg mjury一处腿伤
    He escaped from the accident without injury．他安然无恙地从事故中逃脱出来。
    This is a scandal that did considerable injury to the campaign．这是一桩使整个运动深受其害的丑闻。
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