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  3. Communications Revolution Cyberspace, data superhighway, multi-media—for those who have seen the future, the linking of comp

Communications Revolution Cyberspace, data superhighway, multi-media—for those who have seen the future, the linking of comp

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问题                       Communications Revolution
    Cyberspace, data superhighway, multi-media—for those who have seen the future, the linking of computers, television and telephones will change our lives forever. Yet for all the talk of a forthcoming technological Utopia little attention has been given to the implications of these developments for the poor. As with all new high technology, while the West concerns itself with the "how" , the question of "for whom" is put aside once again.
    Economists are only now realizing the full extent to which the communications revolution has affected the world economy. Information technology allows the extension of trade across geographical and industrial boundaries, and transnational corporations take full advantage of it. Terms of trade, exchange and interest rates and money movements are more important than the production of goods. The electronic economy made possible by information technology allows the haves to increase their control on global markets—with destructive impact on the have-nots.
    For them the result is instability. Developing countries which rely on the production of a small range of goods for export are made to feel like small parts in the international economic machine. As "futures" are traded on computer screens, developing countries simply have less and less control of their destinies.
    So what are the options for regaining control? One alternative is for developing countries to buy in the latest computers and telecommunications themselves—so-called "development communications" modernization. Yet this leads to long-term dependency and perhaps permanent constraints on developing countries’ economies.
    Communications technology is generally exported from the U. S. , Europe or Japan; the patents, skills and ability to manufacture remain in the hands of a few industrialized countries. It is also expensive, and imported products and services must therefore be bought on credit—credit usually provided by the very countries whose companies stand to gain.
    Furthermore, when new technology is introduced there is often too low a level of expertise to exploit it for native development. This means that while local elites, foreign communities and subsidiaries of transnational corporations may benefit, those whose lives depend on access to the information are denied by it.
Why does the author say that the electronic economy may have a destructive impact on developing countries?
选项 A、Because it destroys the economic balance of the poor countries.
B、Because it inhibits the industrial growth of developing countries.
C、Because it enables the developed countries to control the international market.
D、Because it violates the national boundaries of the poor countries.
答案B
解析 由文章第二段最后一句话和第三段最后一句话可知，电子经济的发展使得发达国家进一步控制了全球市场，而使发展中国家对本国经济的控制能力相对减弱。这些都将对发展中国家造成毁灭性的影响。除此之外，由文章第四段可知，发展中国家要重新获得对本国经济的控制能力，就需要引进发达国家的先进科技，这又使得发展中国家更加依赖发达国家，从而限制了本国经济的发展。所以说，电子经济的发展之所以会对发展中国家造成毁灭性的影响的直接原因是它限制了发展中国家的经济发展。故选B。
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