首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
What Is Reading I. Reading is a complex and【T1】______ process【T1】______ —e. g., a story of two fictional Greek boys —Dimitris:
What Is Reading I. Reading is a complex and【T1】______ process【T1】______ —e. g., a story of two fictional Greek boys —Dimitris:
admin
2018-04-10
38
问题
What Is Reading
I. Reading is a complex and【T1】______ process【T1】______
—e. g., a story of two fictional Greek boys
—Dimitris: has learned to【T2】______ but doesn’t know the local【T2】______
dialect of the letter
—Gregoris: is【T3】______ but knows the local dialect of the letter【T3】______
—the result:
—Dimitris【T4】______ the words【T4】______
—Gregoris translates the contents into【T5】______【T5】______
—conclusion; reading isn’t simply about "sounding out the letters"
II. The different processes of learning speaking and reading
A. differences between reading and speaking
—reading: cannot be learned directly by simply spending time
with【T6】______【T6】______
—speaking: can be learned by【T7】______ to a linguistic【T7】______
environment
B. methods of learning speaking and reading
—speaking: a【T8】______ scheme【T8】______
—genetically programmed and geared to the priorities of each particular mother tongue
—reading: pedagogy
—learned formally, taught and【T9】______【T9】______
—【T10】______ in fiction: Tarzan, King of the Jungle and La【T10】______
Gloire de mon pere (My Father’s Glory)
HI. Reading is the result of a patient apprenticeship【T11】______ 【T11】______
patient teachers
A. process: learning how to make sense of words, sentences, the
"【T12】______ " of a text【T12】______
B. notice; a text is not simply【T13】______【T13】______
—"befores" and "afters", cause and effect, or【T14】______【T14】______
between two events
C. learner-reader of fiction;
—understand the usage of【T15】______ and the definite article【T15】______
—e. g., "Catherine", "she" and "the pretty little girl" refer to the same person
【T3】
What Is Reading
Good morning, everyone, welcome to my lecture. This is the first of six lectures entitled "The Mysteries of Reading and Writing". Tonight I’d like to open the subject up by asking a series of questions and suggesting possible answers to some of them. The answers to the rest of the questions will emerge during the course of later lectures, or at least that’s the plan.
We take reading for granted. Once we’ve gained basic literacy, our competence increases with practice and we don’t think much about it until we attempt to help someone else to learn to read. Then we’re struck by what a long and difficult process learning to read is, and indeed how difficult it is to define. In France, in Burgundy, this summer I was struck by a sign directing people to a "Station de lecture du pay sage"—A Post for Reading the Landscape.
(1) Reading is also a very complex and in some way mysterious business.
I’d like to tell a little story to illustrate this. Imagine two young Greek boys, playing in the attic of a house in rural Greece. They come across an old chest, and in it, a letter. They persuade each other that it includes instructions as to where to find valuables hidden during the Second World War. (2) One, let’s say Dimitris, has learned to read but doesn’t know the local dialect in which the letter is written. (3) The other, let’s say Gregoris, is illiterate, but is familiar with the local dialect. Dimitris gazes frustratedly at the words on the page while Gregoris asks impatiently what the letter says. (4) Dimitris starts to "sound out" the words and Gregoris encourages him, occasionally correcting a slight mis-pronunciation. When Dimitris reaches the end of the letter, (5) Gregoris is able to translate its contents into Modern Greek and they are then both aware of what the letter says.
Now, who has "read" the letter? It can’t be Gregoris, as he is illiterate, nor can it be Dimitris as he doesn’t know the local dialect. So we have to conclude that the reading process has been shared and collaborative.
Reading isn’t simply about "sounding out the letters". Nor can we do it without a certain oral competence in the language we’re reading.
(6) Reading is specific to the human species, like speech, but reading doesn’t follow, or at least not directly, from innate capabilities which are activated simply by spending time with written materials. (7) With rare exceptions children learn to speak by being exposed to a linguistic environment and being encouraged into linguistic exchanges. (8) They learn to talk according to a developmental scheme, which is both genetically programmed and geared to the properties of each particular mother tongue.
(9) But reading, as opposed to speaking, has to be learned "formally". It has to be "taught" and assimilated, either in childhood or later. Without the pedagogy, children remain illiterate. It is a tragedy that there are some 774 million, roughly 20% of the global adult population, illiterate people in the world. I say "a tragedy" because I believe that reading greatly extends our understanding of the world and of ourselves.
(10) That reading has to be taught formally has sometimes been denied, at least in fiction.
Edgar Rice Burroughs, in Tarzan, King of the Jungle tells of the young savage child finding a reading primer in the cabin abandoned by an explorer—his father. He does his utmost to make sense of what he calls the "little insects", the letters, recognizing their recurrence and the combinations in which they appear. He teaches himself to read.
In Marcel Pagnol’s La Gloire de mon pere (My Father’s Glory) Pagnol explains how he taught himself, aged just four, to read. He was often left by his mother at the back of the classroom when his mother went shopping. He’d play with a toy and watch his father admiringly. His father assumed that he was amusing himself quietly and paying no attention to his lessons.
(11) Reading is the result of a patient apprenticeship guided by patient teachers. And it’s a complex process. (12) It begins with learning how to make sense of words, then sentences, and finally what we might call the "global meaning" of a text. (13) The apprentice reader has to understand that a text is not simply sentences placed together. Rather (14) there are "befores" and "afters", and there are relations of cause and effect, or finality, between two events. Without necessarily learning formal grammar, (15) the learner-reader of fiction has to understand that a character first introduced as Catherine, is the same character referred to later on by the pronoun "she", or the character who reappears as a definite article, followed by a noun, qualified by adjectives, "the pretty little girl" ; "Catherine" , "she" , and "the pretty little girl" are all the same "character". The more one thinks about reading, the more remarkable it is that it’s a skill that most of us are fortunate enough to have learnt, because language is a tricky and slippery business.
OK, today we have discussed what reading is. Reading is a complex and mysterious process and it’s different when we learn speaking and reading. Reading is the result of a patient apprenticeship guided by patient teachers. In my next lecture, we will continue discussing some effective methods of learning reading. Thanks for your attention.
选项
答案
illiterate
解析
由句(3)可知,故事里另一个叫格雷戈里斯(Gregoris)的男孩不识字,但是对这种地方方言比较熟悉,因此答案为illiterate。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/wGoK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
(1)SinceWorldWarIItheFrenchhavebeenvariouslysurprised,dismayed,irritatedandoutragedbythepowerofAmericancultur
(1)HostilitytoGypsieshasexistedalmostfromthetimetheyfirstappearedinEuropeinthe14thcentury.TheoriginsoftheG
StudyActivitiesinUniversityInordertohelpcollegeanduniversitystudentsintheprocessoflearning,fourkeystudya
A、Becausetheymastermorethanonelanguage.B、Becausetheyutilizelanguageswithliteracyskills.C、Becausetheydowellina
A、Joiningvariousclubsinthecampus.B、Takinginternshipbeforegraduation.C、Attendingrelevantsocialfunctions.D、Seekingf
A、Twodayslater.B、Withinaweek.C、Twoweekslater.D、Itisnotmentioned.B在对话的最后,女士告诉Mr.Phelps,她公司通常会在一周之内告知面试的结果,故B项为正确答案。
A、Shefeltbored.B、Shefeltlonely.C、Shecherishedthem.D、Thesubjectwaseasy.C面试的开头部分谈到了MissGreen的大学时光,根据原文关键词agreattim
A、Toparticipateintheshows.B、Togiveadvicetopeople.C、Towritebooks.D、Toguidegirls’life.C本题设题点在采访开篇介绍处。根据句(1)可知,此次采
A、Onecupofcoffeecontainsabout10milligramsofcaffeine.B、Onecupofcoffeecontainstwiceasmuchcaffeineasacupofte
A、25-2,000milligrams.B、60-2,000milligrams.C、75-2,000milligrams.D、80-2,000milligrams.C本题设题点在数字信息处。根据句(6)可知,每天摄取维生素C少于60毫克
随机试题
中国清一色农耕形态的形成,实际上与几千年来盛行的“重农主义”是()
正常红细胞的平均寿命为A.1天B.7天C.9天D.21天E.120天
该病儿最可能的诊断是[假设信息]若该病人确诊为伤寒,经用药后体温开始下降,但还未降至正常时又突然上升,持续不退,全身中毒症状加重,肝、脾又增大,应考虑为
根据《建设工程施工劳务分包合同》(GF一2003—0214),在劳务分包人施工前,工程承包人应完成的工作有()。
下列表述中,属于个人所得税免税项目的有( )。
申请经营出境旅游业务的,旅游行政管理部门应自收到符合规定的旅行社的设立申请之日起()内做出许可或不予许可的决定。
认识到抢夺他人的财物是不道德的行为,就算饿死也不能违背道德的原则,这是弗洛伊德人格结构中的()。
采用“两难故事法”研究道德发展阶段的心理学家是()。
结构化程序流程图中一般包含3种基本结构,在下述结构中,()不属于其基本结构。
在计算机中,信息的最小单位是()。
最新回复
(
0
)